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NG_BRIDGE(4) BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual NG_BRIDGE(4) NAME ng_bridge -- Ethernet bridging netgraph node type SYNOPSIS #include <sys/types.h> #include <netgraph/ng_bridge.h> DESCRIPTION The bridge node type performs Ethernet bridging over one or more links. Each link (represented by a connected hook) is used to transmit and re- ceive raw Ethernet frames. As packets are received, the node learns which link each host resides on. Packets unicast to a known host are di- rected out the appropriate link only, and other links are spared the traffic. This behavior is in contrast to a hub, which always forwards every received packet to every other link. LOOP DETECTION The bridge node incorporates a simple loop detection algorithm. A loop is when two ports are connected to the same physical medium. Loops are important to avoid because of packet storms, which severely degrade per- formance. A packet storm results when the same packet is sent and re- ceived over and over again. If a host is detected on link A, and is then detected on link B within a certain time period after first being de- tected on link A, then link B is considered to be a looped back link. The time period is called the minimum stable time. A looped back link will be temporarily muted, i.e., all traffic received on that link is ignored. IPFW PROCESSING Processing of IP packets via the ipfirewall(4) mechanism on a per-link basis is not yet implemented. HOOKS This node type supports up to NG_BRIDGE_MAX_LINKS hooks. Each connected hook represents a bridged link. The hooks are named link0, link1, etc. Typically these hooks are connected to the lower hooks of one or more ng_ether nodes. To connect the host machine to a bridged network, simply connect the upper hook of an ng_ether node to the bridge node. CONTROL MESSAGES This node type supports the generic control messages, plus the following: NGM_BRIDGE_SET_CONFIG Set the node configuration. This command takes a struct ng_bridge_config as an argument: /* Node configuration structure */ struct ng_bridge_config { u_char ipfw[NG_BRIDGE_MAX_LINKS]; /* enable ipfw */ u_char debugLevel; /* debug level */ u_int32_t loopTimeout; /* link loopback mute time */ u_int32_t maxStaleness; /* max host age before nuking */ u_int32_t minStableAge; /* min time for a stable host */ }; The ipfw array enables ipfirewall(4) processing of IP packets re- ceived on the corresponding links. The debugLevel field sets the debug level on the node. At level of 2 or greater, detected loops are logged. The default level is 1. The loopTimeout determines how long (in seconds) a looped link is muted. The default is 60 seconds. The maxStaleness parameter de- termines how long a period of inactivity before a host's entry is forgotten. The default is 15 minutes. The minStableAge determines how quickly a host must jump from one link to another before we de- clare a loopback condition. The default is one second. NGM_BRIDGE_GET_CONFIG Returns the current configuration as a struct ng_bridge_config. NGM_BRIDGE_RESET Causes the node to forget all hosts and unmute all links. The node configuration is not changed. NGM_BRIDGE_GET_STATS This command takes a four byte link number as an argument and re- turns a struct ng_bridge_link_stats containing statistics for the corresponding link, which must be currently connected: /* Statistics structure (one for each link) */ struct ng_bridge_link_stats { u_int64_t recvOctets; /* total octets rec'd on link */ u_int64_t recvPackets; /* total pkts rec'd on link */ u_int64_t recvMulticasts; /* multicast pkts rec'd on link */ u_int64_t recvBroadcasts; /* broadcast pkts rec'd on link */ u_int64_t recvUnknown; /* pkts rec'd with unknown dest addr */ u_int64_t recvRunts; /* pkts rec'd less than 14 bytes */ u_int64_t recvInvalid; /* pkts rec'd with bogus source addr */ u_int64_t xmitOctets; /* total octets xmit'd on link */ u_int64_t xmitPackets; /* total pkts xmit'd on link */ u_int64_t xmitMulticasts; /* multicast pkts xmit'd on link */ u_int64_t xmitBroadcasts; /* broadcast pkts xmit'd on link */ u_int64_t loopDrops; /* pkts dropped due to loopback */ u_int64_t loopDetects; /* number of loop detections */ u_int64_t memoryFailures; /* times couldn't get mem or mbuf */ }; NGM_BRIDGE_CLR_STATS This command takes a four byte link number as an argument and clears the statistics for that link. NGM_BRIDGE_GETCLR_STATS Same as NGM_BRIDGE_GET_STATS, but also atomically clears the statis- tics as well. NGM_BRIDGE_GET_TABLE Returns the current host mapping table used to direct packets, in a struct ng_bridge_host_ary. SHUTDOWN This node shuts down upon receipt of a NGM_SHUTDOWN control message, or when all hooks have been disconnected. FILES /usr/share/examples/netgraph/ether.bridge Example script showing how to set up a bridging network SEE ALSO bridge(4), netgraph(4), ng_ether(4), ngctl(8) HISTORY The ng_bridge node type was implemented in FreeBSD 4.2. AUTHORS Archie Cobbs <archie@FreeBSD.org> BSD August 31, 2000 BSD
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | LOOP DETECTION | IPFW PROCESSING | HOOKS | CONTROL MESSAGES | SHUTDOWN | FILES | SEE ALSO | HISTORY | AUTHORS
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