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RM(1) BSD General Commands Manual RM(1) NAME rm, unlink -- remove directory entries SYNOPSIS rm [-f | -i] [-dIPRrvW] file ... unlink file DESCRIPTION The rm utility attempts to remove the non-directory type files specified on the command line. If the permissions of the file do not permit writ- ing, and the standard input device is a terminal, the user is prompted (on the standard error output) for confirmation. The options are as follows: -d Attempt to remove directories as well as other types of files. -f Attempt to remove the files without prompting for confirma- tion, regardless of the file's permissions. If the file does not exist, do not display a diagnostic message or modify the exit status to reflect an error. The -f option overrides any previous -i options. -i Request confirmation before attempting to remove each file, regardless of the file's permissions, or whether or not the standard input device is a terminal. The -i option overrides any previous -f options. -I Request confirmation once if more than three files are being removed or if a directory is being recursively removed. This is a far less intrusive option than -i yet provides almost the same level of protection against mistakes. -P Overwrite regular files before deleting them. Files are overwritten three times, first with the byte pattern 0xff, then 0x00, and then 0xff again, before they are deleted. Specifying this flag for a read only file will cause rm to generate an error message and exit. The file wil not be re- moved or overwritten. -R Attempt to remove the file hierarchy rooted in each file ar- gument. The -R option implies the -d option. If the -i op- tion is specified, the user is prompted for confirmation be- fore each directory's contents are processed (as well as be- fore the attempt is made to remove the directory). If the user does not respond affirmatively, the file hierarchy rooted in that directory is skipped. -r Equivalent to -R. -v Be verbose when deleting files, showing them as they are re- moved. -W Attempt to undelete the named files. Currently, this option can only be used to recover files covered by whiteouts. The rm utility removes symbolic links, not the files referenced by the links. It is an error to attempt to remove the files /, . or ... When the utility is called as unlink, only one argument, which must not be a directory, may be supplied. No options may be supplied in this sim- ple mode of operation, which performs an unlink(2) operation on the passed argument. The rm utility exits 0 if all of the named files or file hierarchies were removed, or if the -f option was specified and all of the existing files or file hierarchies were removed. If an error occurs, rm exits with a value >0. NOTE The rm command uses getopt(3) to parse its arguments, which allows it to accept the `--' option which will cause it to stop processing flag op- tions at that point. This will allow the removal of file names that be- gin with a dash (`-'). For example: rm -- -filename The same behavior can be obtained by using an absolute or relative path reference. For example: rm /home/user/-filename rm ./-filename COMPATIBILITY The rm utility differs from historical implementations in that the -f op- tion only masks attempts to remove non-existent files instead of masking a large variety of errors. The -v option is non-standard and its use in scripts is not recommended. Also, historical BSD implementations prompted on the standard output, not the standard error output. SEE ALSO chflags(1), rmdir(1), undelete(2), unlink(2), fts(3), getopt(3), symlink(7) STANDARDS The rm command conforms to IEEE Std 1003.2 ("POSIX.2"). The simplified unlink command conforms to Version 2 of the Single UNIX Specification ("SUSv2"). HISTORY A rm command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX. BUGS The -P option assumes that the underlying file system is a fixed-block file system. UFS is a fixed-block file system, LFS is not. In addition, only regular files are overwritten, other types of files are not. BSD September 29, 2005 BSD
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | NOTE | COMPATIBILITY | SEE ALSO | STANDARDS | HISTORY | BUGS
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