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RWHOD(8) BSD System Manager's Manual RWHOD(8) NAME rwhod -- system status server SYNOPSIS rwhod [-i] [-p] [-l] [-m [ttl]] DESCRIPTION The rwhod utility is the server which maintains the database used by the rwho(1) and ruptime(1) programs. Its operation is predicated on the ability to broadcast or multicast messages on a network. The rwhod utility operates as both a producer and consumer of status in- formation, unless the -l (listen mode) option is specified, in which case it acts as a consumer only. As a producer of information it periodically queries the state of the system and constructs status messages which are broadcasted or multicasted on a network. As a consumer of information, it listens for other rwhod servers' status messages, validating them, then recording them in a collection of files located in the directory /var/rwho. The -i option enables insecure mode, which causes rwhod to ignore the source port on incoming packets. The -p option tells rwhod to ignore all POINTOPOINT interfaces. This is useful if you do not wish to keep dial on demand interfaces permanently active. The -l option enables listen mode, which causes rwhod to not broadcast any information. This allows you to monitor other machines' rwhod infor- mation, without broadcasting your own. The -m option causes rwhod to use IP multicast (instead of broadcast) on all interfaces that have the IFF_MULTICAST flag set in their "ifnet" structs (excluding the loopback interface). The multicast reports are sent with a time-to-live of 1, to prevent forwarding beyond the directly- connected subnet(s). If the optional ttl argument is supplied with the -m flag, rwhod will send IP multicast datagrams with a time-to-live of ttl, via a SINGLE in- terface rather than all interfaces. ttl must be between 0 and 32 (or MAX_MULTICAST_SCOPE). Note that -m 1 is different from -m, in that -m 1 specifies transmission on one interface only. When -m is used without a ttl argument, the program accepts multicast rwhod reports from all multicast-capable interfaces. If a ttl argument is given, it accepts multicast reports from only one interface, the one on which reports are sent (which may be controlled via the host's routing table). Regardless of the -m option, the program accepts broadcast or unicast reports from all interfaces. Thus, this program will hear the reports of old, non-multicasting rwhods, but, if multicasting is used, those old rwhods won't hear the reports generated by this program. The server transmits and receives messages at the port indicated in the ``who'' service specification; see services(5). The messages sent and received, are of the form: struct outmp { char out_line[8]; /* tty name */ char out_name[8]; /* user id */ long out_time; /* time on */ }; struct whod { char wd_vers; char wd_type; char wd_fill[2]; int wd_sendtime; int wd_recvtime; char wd_hostname[32]; int wd_loadav[3]; int wd_boottime; struct whoent { struct outmp we_utmp; int we_idle; } wd_we[1024 / sizeof (struct whoent)]; }; All fields are converted to network byte order prior to transmission. The load averages are as calculated by the w(1) program, and represent load averages over the 5, 10, and 15 minute intervals prior to a server's transmission; they are multiplied by 100 for representation in an inte- ger. The host name included is that returned by the gethostname(3) sys- tem call, with any trailing domain name omitted. The array at the end of the message contains information about the users logged in to the sending machine. This information includes the contents of the utmp(5) entry for each non-idle terminal line and a value indicating the time in seconds since a character was last received on the terminal line. Messages received by the rwho server are discarded unless they originated at an rwho server's port or the -i option was specified. In addition, if the host's name, as specified in the message, contains any unprintable ASCII characters, the message is discarded. Valid messages received by rwhod are placed in files named whod.hostname in the directory /var/rwho. These files contain only the most recent message, in the format described above. Status messages are generated approximately once every 3 minutes. The rwhod utility performs an nlist(3) on /boot/kernel/kernel every 30 min- utes to guard against the possibility that this file is not the system image currently operating. SEE ALSO ruptime(1), rwho(1) BUGS Status information should be sent only upon request rather than continu- ously. People often interpret the server dying or network communication failures as a machine going down. HISTORY The rwhod utility appeared in 4.2BSD. BSD December 11, 1993 BSD
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | SEE ALSO | BUGS | HISTORY
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