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SEND(2) FreeBSD System Calls Manual SEND(2) NAME send, sendto, sendmsg -- send a message from a socket SYNOPSIS #include <sys/socket.h> ssize_t send(int s, const void *msg, size_t len, int flags); ssize_t sendto(int s, const void *msg, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *to, socklen_t tolen); ssize_t sendmsg(int s, const struct msghdr *msg, int flags); DESCRIPTION send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() are used to transmit a message to another socket. send() may be used only when the socket is in a connected state, while sendto() and sendmsg() may be used at any time. The address of the target is given by to with tolen specifying its size. The length of the message is given by len. If the message is too long to pass atomically through the underlying protocol, the error EMSGSIZE is returned, and the message is not transmitted. No indication of failure to deliver is implicit in a send(). Locally de- tected errors are indicated by a return value of -1. If no messages space is available at the socket to hold the message to be transmitted, then send() normally blocks, unless the socket has been placed in non-blocking I/O mode. The select(2) or poll(2) system calls may be used to determine when it is possible to send more data. The flags parameter may include one or more of the following: MSG_DONTROUTE bypass routing tables, silently ignored MSG_DONTWAIT don't block MSG_EOR terminate the record (SOCK_SEQPACKET only) MSG_NOSIGNAL don't send SIGPIPE MSG_OOB process out-of-band data The flag MSG_OOB is used to send "out-of-band" data on sockets that sup- port this notion (e.g., SOCK_STREAM); the underlying protocol must also support "out-of-band" data. MSG_NOSIGNAL is used to request not to send the SIGPIPE signal if an attempt to send is made on a socket that is shut down for writing or no longer connected. See recv(2) for a description of the msghdr structure. RETURN VALUES The call returns the number of characters sent, or -1 if an error oc- curred. ERRORS send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() fail if: [EBADF] An invalid descriptor was specified. [ENOTSOCK] The argument s is not a socket. [EFAULT] An invalid user space address was specified for a pa- rameter. [EMSGSIZE] The socket requires that message be sent atomically, and the size of the message to be sent made this im- possible. [EAGAIN] The socket is marked non-blocking or the MSG_DONTWAIT flag is set and the requested operation would block. [ENOBUFS] The system was unable to allocate an internal buffer. The operation may succeed when buffers become avail- able. [ENOBUFS] The output queue for a network interface was full. This generally indicates that the interface has stopped sending, but may be caused by transient con- gestion. [EACCES] The connection was blocked by pf(4), or SO_BROADCAST is not set on the socket and a broadcast address was given as the destination. [EHOSTUNREACH] The destination address specified an unreachable host. [EINVAL] The flags parameter is invalid. [EHOSTDOWN] The destination address specified a host that is down. [ENETDOWN] The destination address specified a network that is down. [ECONNREFUSED] The destination host rejected the message (or a previ- ous one). This error can only be returned by con- nected sockets. [ENOPROTOOPT] There was a problem sending the message. This error can only be returned by connected sockets. [EDESTADDRREQ] The socket is not connected, and no destination ad- dress was specified. [EPIPE] The socket is shut down for writing or not longer con- nected and the MSG_NOSIGNAL flag is set. In addition, send() and sendto() may return the following error: [EINVAL] len was larger than SSIZE_MAX. sendto() and sendmsg() may return the following errors: [EADDRNOTAVAIL] No suitable address is available on the local machine. [EAFNOSUPPORT] Addresses in the specified address family cannot be used with this socket. [EISCONN] The socket is already connected, and a destination ad- dress was specified. sendmsg() may return the following errors: [EINVAL] The sum of the iov_len values in the msg_iov array overflowed an ssize_t. [EMSGSIZE] The msg_iovlen member of msg was less than 0 or larger than IOV_MAX. [EMFILE] The message contains control information utilizing CMSG_DATA(3) to pass file descriptors, but too many file descriptors are already in-flight. SEE ALSO fcntl(2), getsockopt(2), poll(2), recv(2), select(2), socket(2), write(2), CMSG_DATA(3) STANDARDS The send(), sendto(), and sendmsg() functions conform to IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 ("POSIX.1"). The MSG_DONTWAIT and MSG_NOSIGNAL flags are ex- tensions to that specification. HISTORY The send() function call appeared in 4.1cBSD. FreeBSD 13.0 January 11, 2019 FreeBSD 13.0
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUES | ERRORS | SEE ALSO | STANDARDS | HISTORY
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