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srun(1) Slurm Commands srun(1) NAME srun - Run parallel jobs SYNOPSIS srun [OPTIONS(0)...] [ : [OPTIONS(N)...]] executable(0) [args(0)...] Option(s) define multiple jobs in a co-scheduled heterogeneous job. For more details about heterogeneous jobs see the document https://slurm.schedmd.com/heterogeneous_jobs.html DESCRIPTION Run a parallel job on cluster managed by Slurm. If necessary, srun will first create a resource allocation in which to run the parallel job. The following document describes the influence of various options on the allocation of cpus to jobs and tasks. https://slurm.schedmd.com/cpu_management.html RETURN VALUE srun will return the highest exit code of all tasks run or the highest signal (with the high-order bit set in an 8-bit integer -- e.g. 128 + signal) of any task that exited with a signal. The value 253 is reserved for out-of-memory errors. EXECUTABLE PATH RESOLUTION The executable is resolved in the following order: 1. If executable starts with ".", then path is constructed as: current working directory / executable 2. If executable starts with a "/", then path is considered absolute. 3. If executable can be resolved through PATH. See path_resolution(7). 4. If executable is in current working directory. Current working directory is the calling process working directory un- less the --chdir argument is passed, which will override the current working directory. OPTIONS --accel-bind=<options> Control how tasks are bound to generic resources of type gpu, mic and nic. Multiple options may be specified. Supported op- tions include: g Bind each task to GPUs which are closest to the allocated CPUs. m Bind each task to MICs which are closest to the allocated CPUs. n Bind each task to NICs which are closest to the allocated CPUs. v Verbose mode. Log how tasks are bound to GPU and NIC de- vices. This option applies to job allocations. -A, --account=<account> Charge resources used by this job to specified account. The ac- count is an arbitrary string. The account name may be changed after job submission using the scontrol command. This option ap- plies to job allocations. --acctg-freq Define the job accounting and profiling sampling intervals. This can be used to override the JobAcctGatherFrequency parame- ter in Slurm's configuration file, slurm.conf. The supported format is follows: --acctg-freq=_datatype_=_interval_ where _datatype_=_interval_ specifies the task sam- pling interval for the jobacct_gather plugin or a sampling interval for a profiling type by the acct_gather_profile plugin. Multiple, comma-sepa- rated _datatype_=_interval_ intervals may be speci- fied. Supported datatypes are as follows: task=_interval_ where _interval_ is the task sampling inter- val in seconds for the jobacct_gather plugins and for task profiling by the acct_gather_profile plugin. NOTE: This fre- quency is used to monitor memory usage. If memory limits are enforced the highest fre- quency a user can request is what is config- ured in the slurm.conf file. They can not turn it off (=0) either. energy=_interval_ where _interval_ is the sampling interval in seconds for energy profiling using the acct_gather_energy plugin network=_interval_ where _interval_ is the sampling interval in seconds for infiniband profiling using the acct_gather_interconnect plugin. filesystem=_interval_ where _interval_ is the sampling interval in seconds for filesystem profiling using the acct_gather_filesystem plugin. The default value for the task sampling in- terval is 30. The default value for all other intervals is 0. An in- terval of 0 disables sampling of the specified type. If the task sampling interval is 0, accounting information is collected only at job termination (reducing Slurm interference with the job). Smaller (non-zero) values have a greater impact upon job perfor- mance, but a value of 30 seconds is not likely to be noticeable for applications having less than 10,000 tasks. This option ap- plies job allocations. -B --extra-node-info=<sockets[:cores[:threads]]> Restrict node selection to nodes with at least the specified number of sockets, cores per socket and/or threads per core. NOTE: These options do not specify the resource allocation size. Each value specified is considered a minimum. An asterisk (*) can be used as a placeholder indicating that all available re- sources of that type are to be utilized. Values can also be specified as min-max. The individual levels can also be speci- fied in separate options if desired: --sockets-per-node=<sockets> --cores-per-socket=<cores> --threads-per-core=<threads> If task/affinity plugin is enabled, then specifying an alloca- tion in this manner also sets a default --cpu-bind option of threads if the -B option specifies a thread count, otherwise an option of cores if a core count is specified, otherwise an op- tion of sockets. If SelectType is configured to se- lect/cons_res, it must have a parameter of CR_Core, CR_Core_Mem- ory, CR_Socket, or CR_Socket_Memory for this option to be hon- ored. If not specified, the scontrol show job will display 'ReqS:C:T=*:*:*'. This option applies to job allocations. --bb=<spec> Burst buffer specification. The form of the specification is system dependent. Also see --bbf. This option applies to job allocations. --bbf=<file_name> Path of file containing burst buffer specification. The form of the specification is system dependent. Also see --bb. This op- tion applies to job allocations. --bcast[=<dest_path>] Copy executable file to allocated compute nodes. If a file name is specified, copy the executable to the specified destination file path. If no path is specified, copy the file to a file named "slurm_bcast_<job_id>.<step_id>" in the current working. For example, "srun --bcast=/tmp/mine -N3 a.out" will copy the file "a.out" from your current directory to the file "/tmp/mine" on each of the three allocated compute nodes and execute that file. This option applies to step allocations. -b, --begin=<time> Defer initiation of this job until the specified time. It ac- cepts times of the form HH:MM:SS to run a job at a specific time of day (seconds are optional). (If that time is already past, the next day is assumed.) You may also specify midnight, noon, fika (3 PM) or teatime (4 PM) and you can have a time-of-day suffixed with AM or PM for running in the morning or the evening. You can also say what day the job will be run, by specifying a date of the form MMDDYY or MM/DD/YY YYYY-MM-DD. Combine date and time using the following format YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM[:SS]]. You can also give times like now + count time-units, where the time-units can be seconds (default), minutes, hours, days, or weeks and you can tell Slurm to run the job today with the keyword today and to run the job tomorrow with the keyword tomorrow. The value may be changed after job submission using the scontrol command. For example: --begin=16:00 --begin=now+1hour --begin=now+60 (seconds by default) --begin=2010-01-20T12:34:00 Notes on date/time specifications: - Although the 'seconds' field of the HH:MM:SS time specifica- tion is allowed by the code, note that the poll time of the Slurm scheduler is not precise enough to guarantee dispatch of the job on the exact second. The job will be eligible to start on the next poll following the specified time. The exact poll interval depends on the Slurm scheduler (e.g., 60 seconds with the default sched/builtin). - If no time (HH:MM:SS) is specified, the default is (00:00:00). - If a date is specified without a year (e.g., MM/DD) then the current year is assumed, unless the combination of MM/DD and HH:MM:SS has already passed for that year, in which case the next year is used. This option applies to job allocations. --cluster-constraint=<list> Specifies features that a federated cluster must have to have a sibling job submitted to it. Slurm will attempt to submit a sib- ling job to a cluster if it has at least one of the specified features. --comment=<string> An arbitrary comment. This option applies to job allocations. --compress[=type] Compress file before sending it to compute hosts. The optional argument specifies the data compression library to be used. Supported values are "lz4" (default) and "zlib". Some compres- sion libraries may be unavailable on some systems. For use with the --bcast option. This option applies to step allocations. -C, --constraint=<list> Nodes can have features assigned to them by the Slurm adminis- trator. Users can specify which of these features are required by their job using the constraint option. Only nodes having features matching the job constraints will be used to satisfy the request. Multiple constraints may be specified with AND, OR, matching OR, resource counts, etc. (some operators are not supported on all system types). Supported constraint options include: Single Name Only nodes which have the specified feature will be used. For example, --constraint="intel" Node Count A request can specify the number of nodes needed with some feature by appending an asterisk and count after the feature name. For example "--nodes=16 --con- straint=graphics*4 ..." indicates that the job requires 16 nodes and that at least four of those nodes must have the feature "graphics." AND If only nodes with all of specified features will be used. The ampersand is used for an AND operator. For example, --constraint="intel&gpu" OR If only nodes with at least one of specified features will be used. The vertical bar is used for an OR opera- tor. For example, --constraint="intel|amd" Matching OR If only one of a set of possible options should be used for all allocated nodes, then use the OR operator and en- close the options within square brackets. For example: "--constraint=[rack1|rack2|rack3|rack4]" might be used to specify that all nodes must be allocated on a single rack of the cluster, but any of those four racks can be used. Multiple Counts Specific counts of multiple resources may be specified by using the AND operator and enclosing the options within square brackets. For example: "--con- straint=[rack1*2&rack2*4]" might be used to specify that two nodes must be allocated from nodes with the feature of "rack1" and four nodes must be allocated from nodes with the feature "rack2". NOTE: This construct does not support multiple Intel KNL NUMA or MCDRAM modes. For example, while "--con- straint=[(knl&quad)*2&(knl&hemi)*4]" is not supported, "--constraint=[haswell*2&(knl&hemi)*4]" is supported. Specification of multiple KNL modes requires the use of a heterogeneous job. Parenthesis Parenthesis can be used to group like node features to- gether. For example "--con- straint=[(knl&snc4&flat)*4&haswell*1]" might be used to specify that four nodes with the features "knl", "snc4" and "flat" plus one node with the feature "haswell" are required. All options within parenthesis should be grouped with AND (e.g. "&") operands. WARNING: When srun is executed from within salloc or sbatch, the con- straint value can only contain a single feature name. None of the other operators are currently supported for job steps. This option applies to job and step allocations. --contiguous If set, then the allocated nodes must form a contiguous set. Not honored with the topology/tree or topology/3d_torus plugins, both of which can modify the node ordering. This option applies to job allocations. --cores-per-socket=<cores> Restrict node selection to nodes with at least the specified number of cores per socket. See additional information under -B option above when task/affinity plugin is enabled. This option applies to job allocations. --cpu-bind=[{quiet,verbose},]type Bind tasks to CPUs. Used only when the task/affinity or task/cgroup plugin is enabled. NOTE: To have Slurm always re- port on the selected CPU binding for all commands executed in a shell, you can enable verbose mode by setting the SLURM_CPU_BIND environment variable value to "verbose". The following informational environment variables are set when --cpu-bind is in use: SLURM_CPU_BIND_VERBOSE SLURM_CPU_BIND_TYPE SLURM_CPU_BIND_LIST See the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section for a more detailed de- scription of the individual SLURM_CPU_BIND variables. These variable are available only if the task/affinity plugin is con- figured. When using --cpus-per-task to run multithreaded tasks, be aware that CPU binding is inherited from the parent of the process. This means that the multithreaded task should either specify or clear the CPU binding itself to avoid having all threads of the multithreaded task use the same mask/CPU as the parent. Alter- natively, fat masks (masks which specify more than one allowed CPU) could be used for the tasks in order to provide multiple CPUs for the multithreaded tasks. By default, a job step has access to every CPU allocated to the job. To ensure that distinct CPUs are allocated to each job step, use the --exclusive option. Note that a job step can be allocated different numbers of CPUs on each node or be allocated CPUs not starting at location zero. Therefore one of the options which automatically generate the task binding is recommended. Explicitly specified masks or bindings are only honored when the job step has been allocated every available CPU on the node. Binding a task to a NUMA locality domain means to bind the task to the set of CPUs that belong to the NUMA locality domain or "NUMA node". If NUMA locality domain options are used on sys- tems with no NUMA support, then each socket is considered a lo- cality domain. If the --cpu-bind option is not used, the default binding mode will depend upon Slurm's configuration and the step's resource allocation. If all allocated nodes have the same configured CpuBind mode, that will be used. Otherwise if the job's Parti- tion has a configured CpuBind mode, that will be used. Other- wise if Slurm has a configured TaskPluginParam value, that mode will be used. Otherwise automatic binding will be performed as described below. Auto Binding Applies only when task/affinity is enabled. If the job step allocation includes an allocation with a number of sockets, cores, or threads equal to the number of tasks times cpus-per-task, then the tasks will by default be bound to the appropriate resources (auto binding). Dis- able this mode of operation by explicitly setting "--cpu-bind=none". Use TaskPluginParam=auto- bind=[threads|cores|sockets] to set a default cpu binding in case "auto binding" doesn't find a match. Supported options include: q[uiet] Quietly bind before task runs (default) v[erbose] Verbosely report binding before task runs no[ne] Do not bind tasks to CPUs (default unless auto binding is applied) rank Automatically bind by task rank. The lowest num- bered task on each node is bound to socket (or core or thread) zero, etc. Not supported unless the entire node is allocated to the job. map_cpu:<list> Bind by setting CPU masks on tasks (or ranks) as specified where <list> is <cpu_id_for_task_0>,<cpu_id_for_task_1>,... CPU IDs are interpreted as decimal values unless they are preceded with '0x' in which case they inter- preted as hexadecimal values. If the number of tasks (or ranks) exceeds the number of elements in this list, elements in the list will be reused as needed starting from the beginning of the list. To simplify support for large task counts, the lists may follow a map with an asterisk and repe- tition count For example "map_cpu:0x0f*4,0xf0*4". Not supported unless the entire node is allocated to the job. mask_cpu:<list> Bind by setting CPU masks on tasks (or ranks) as specified where <list> is <cpu_mask_for_task_0>,<cpu_mask_for_task_1>,... The mapping is specified for a node and identical mapping is applied to the tasks on every node (i.e. the lowest task ID on each node is mapped to the first mask specified in the list, etc.). CPU masks are always interpreted as hexadecimal values but can be preceded with an optional '0x'. If the number of tasks (or ranks) exceeds the number of elements in this list, elements in the list will be reused as needed starting from the beginning of the list. To simplify support for large task counts, the lists may follow a map with an aster- isk and repetition count For example "mask_cpu:0x0f*4,0xf0*4". Not supported unless the entire node is allocated to the job. rank_ldom Bind to a NUMA locality domain by rank. Not sup- ported unless the entire node is allocated to the job. map_ldom:<list> Bind by mapping NUMA locality domain IDs to tasks as specified where <list> is <ldom1>,<ldom2>,...<ldomN>. The locality domain IDs are interpreted as decimal values unless they are preceded with '0x' in which case they are in- terpreted as hexadecimal values. Not supported unless the entire node is allocated to the job. mask_ldom:<list> Bind by setting NUMA locality domain masks on tasks as specified where <list> is <mask1>,<mask2>,...<maskN>. NUMA locality domain masks are always interpreted as hexadecimal values but can be preceded with an optional '0x'. Not supported unless the entire node is allocated to the job. sockets Automatically generate masks binding tasks to sockets. Only the CPUs on the socket which have been allocated to the job will be used. If the number of tasks differs from the number of allo- cated sockets this can result in sub-optimal bind- ing. cores Automatically generate masks binding tasks to cores. If the number of tasks differs from the number of allocated cores this can result in sub-optimal binding. threads Automatically generate masks binding tasks to threads. If the number of tasks differs from the number of allocated threads this can result in sub-optimal binding. ldoms Automatically generate masks binding tasks to NUMA locality domains. If the number of tasks differs from the number of allocated locality domains this can result in sub-optimal binding. boards Automatically generate masks binding tasks to boards. If the number of tasks differs from the number of allocated boards this can result in sub-optimal binding. This option is supported by the task/cgroup plugin only. help Show help message for cpu-bind This option applies to job and step allocations. --cpu-freq =<p1[-p2[:p3]]> Request that the job step initiated by this srun command be run at some requested frequency if possible, on the CPUs selected for the step on the compute node(s). p1 can be [#### | low | medium | high | highm1] which will set the frequency scaling_speed to the corresponding value, and set the frequency scaling_governor to UserSpace. See below for defi- nition of the values. p1 can be [Conservative | OnDemand | Performance | PowerSave] which will set the scaling_governor to the corresponding value. The governor has to be in the list set by the slurm.conf option CpuFreqGovernors. When p2 is present, p1 will be the minimum scaling frequency and p2 will be the maximum scaling frequency. p2 can be [#### | medium | high | highm1] p2 must be greater than p1. p3 can be [Conservative | OnDemand | Performance | PowerSave | UserSpace] which will set the governor to the corresponding value. If p3 is UserSpace, the frequency scaling_speed will be set by a power or energy aware scheduling strategy to a value between p1 and p2 that lets the job run within the site's power goal. The job may be delayed if p1 is higher than a frequency that allows the job to run within the goal. If the current frequency is < min, it will be set to min. Like- wise, if the current frequency is > max, it will be set to max. Acceptable values at present include: #### frequency in kilohertz Low the lowest available frequency High the highest available frequency HighM1 (high minus one) will select the next highest available frequency Medium attempts to set a frequency in the middle of the available range Conservative attempts to use the Conservative CPU governor OnDemand attempts to use the OnDemand CPU governor (the de- fault value) Performance attempts to use the Performance CPU governor PowerSave attempts to use the PowerSave CPU governor UserSpace attempts to use the UserSpace CPU governor The following informational environment variable is set in the job step when --cpu-freq option is requested. SLURM_CPU_FREQ_REQ This environment variable can also be used to supply the value for the CPU frequency request if it is set when the 'srun' com- mand is issued. The --cpu-freq on the command line will over- ride the environment variable value. The form on the environ- ment variable is the same as the command line. See the ENVIRON- MENT VARIABLES section for a description of the SLURM_CPU_FREQ_REQ variable. NOTE: This parameter is treated as a request, not a requirement. If the job step's node does not support setting the CPU fre- quency, or the requested value is outside the bounds of the le- gal frequencies, an error is logged, but the job step is allowed to continue. NOTE: Setting the frequency for just the CPUs of the job step implies that the tasks are confined to those CPUs. If task con- finement (i.e., TaskPlugin=task/affinity or TaskPlu- gin=task/cgroup with the "ConstrainCores" option) is not config- ured, this parameter is ignored. NOTE: When the step completes, the frequency and governor of each selected CPU is reset to the previous values. NOTE: When submitting jobs with the --cpu-freq option with lin- uxproc as the ProctrackType can cause jobs to run too quickly before Accounting is able to poll for job information. As a re- sult not all of accounting information will be present. This option applies to job and step allocations. --cpus-per-gpu=<ncpus> Advise Slurm that ensuing job steps will require ncpus proces- sors per allocated GPU. Not compatible with the --cpus-per-task option. -c, --cpus-per-task=<ncpus> Request that ncpus be allocated per process. This may be useful if the job is multithreaded and requires more than one CPU per task for optimal performance. The default is one CPU per process. If -c is specified without -n, as many tasks will be allocated per node as possible while satisfying the -c restric- tion. For instance on a cluster with 8 CPUs per node, a job re- quest for 4 nodes and 3 CPUs per task may be allocated 3 or 6 CPUs per node (1 or 2 tasks per node) depending upon resource consumption by other jobs. Such a job may be unable to execute more than a total of 4 tasks. This option may also be useful to spawn tasks without allocating resources to the job step from the job's allocation when running multiple job steps with the --exclusive option. WARNING: There are configurations and options interpreted dif- ferently by job and job step requests which can result in incon- sistencies for this option. For example srun -c2 --threads-per-core=1 prog may allocate two cores for the job, but if each of those cores contains two threads, the job alloca- tion will include four CPUs. The job step allocation will then launch two threads per CPU for a total of two tasks. WARNING: When srun is executed from within salloc or sbatch, there are configurations and options which can result in incon- sistent allocations when -c has a value greater than -c on sal- loc or sbatch. This option applies to job allocations. --deadline=<OPT> remove the job if no ending is possible before this deadline (start > (deadline - time[-min])). Default is no deadline. Valid time formats are: HH:MM[:SS] [AM|PM] MMDD[YY] or MM/DD[/YY] or MM.DD[.YY] MM/DD[/YY]-HH:MM[:SS] YYYY-MM-DD[THH:MM[:SS]]] This option applies only to job allocations. --delay-boot=<minutes> Do not reboot nodes in order to satisfied this job's feature specification if the job has been eligible to run for less than this time period. If the job has waited for less than the spec- ified period, it will use only nodes which already have the specified features. The argument is in units of minutes. A de- fault value may be set by a system administrator using the de- lay_boot option of the SchedulerParameters configuration parame- ter in the slurm.conf file, otherwise the default value is zero (no delay). This option applies only to job allocations. -d, --dependency=<dependency_list> Defer the start of this job until the specified dependencies have been satisfied completed. This option does not apply to job steps (executions of srun within an existing salloc or sbatch allocation) only to job allocations. <dependency_list> is of the form <type:job_id[:job_id][,type:job_id[:job_id]]> or <type:job_id[:job_id][?type:job_id[:job_id]]>. All dependencies must be satisfied if the "," separator is used. Any dependency may be satisfied if the "?" separator is used. Only one separa- tor may be used. Many jobs can share the same dependency and these jobs may even belong to different users. The value may be changed after job submission using the scontrol command. De- pendencies on remote jobs are allowed in a federation. Once a job dependency fails due to the termination state of a preceding job, the dependent job will never be run, even if the preceding job is requeued and has a different termination state in a sub- sequent execution. This option applies to job allocations. after:job_id[[+time][:jobid[+time]...]] After the specified jobs start or are cancelled and 'time' in minutes from job start or cancellation happens, this job can begin execution. If no 'time' is given then then there is no delay after start or cancellation. afterany:job_id[:jobid...] This job can begin execution after the specified jobs have terminated. afterburstbuffer:job_id[:jobid...] This job can begin execution after the specified jobs have terminated and any associated burst buffer stage out operations have completed. aftercorr:job_id[:jobid...] A task of this job array can begin execution after the corresponding task ID in the specified job has completed successfully (ran to completion with an exit code of zero). afternotok:job_id[:jobid...] This job can begin execution after the specified jobs have terminated in some failed state (non-zero exit code, node failure, timed out, etc). afterok:job_id[:jobid...] This job can begin execution after the specified jobs have successfully executed (ran to completion with an exit code of zero). expand:job_id Resources allocated to this job should be used to expand the specified job. The job to expand must share the same QOS (Quality of Service) and partition. Gang scheduling of resources in the partition is also not supported. "expand" is not allowed for jobs that didn't originate on the same cluster as the submitted job. singleton This job can begin execution after any previously launched jobs sharing the same job name and user have terminated. In other words, only one job by that name and owned by that user can be running or suspended at any point in time. In a federation, a singleton dependency must be fulfilled on all clusters unless DependencyParam- eters=disable_remote_singleton is used in slurm.conf. -D, --chdir=<path> Have the remote processes do a chdir to path before beginning execution. The default is to chdir to the current working direc- tory of the srun process. The path can be specified as full path or relative path to the directory where the command is executed. This option applies to job allocations. -e, --error=<filename pattern> Specify how stderr is to be redirected. By default in interac- tive mode, srun redirects stderr to the same file as stdout, if one is specified. The --error option is provided to allow stdout and stderr to be redirected to different locations. See IO Re- direction below for more options. If the specified file already exists, it will be overwritten. This option applies to job and step allocations. -E, --preserve-env Pass the current values of environment variables SLURM_JOB_NODES and SLURM_NTASKS through to the executable, rather than comput- ing them from commandline parameters. This option applies to job allocations. --epilog=<executable> srun will run executable just after the job step completes. The command line arguments for executable will be the command and arguments of the job step. If executable is "none", then no srun epilog will be run. This parameter overrides the SrunEpilog parameter in slurm.conf. This parameter is completely indepen- dent from the Epilog parameter in slurm.conf. This option ap- plies to job allocations. --exclusive[=user|mcs] This option applies to job and job step allocations, and has two slightly different meanings for each one. When used to initiate a job, the job allocation cannot share nodes with other running jobs (or just other users with the "=user" option or "=mcs" op- tion). The default shared/exclusive behavior depends on system configuration and the partition's OverSubscribe option takes precedence over the job's option. This option can also be used when initiating more than one job step within an existing resource allocation, where you want sep- arate processors to be dedicated to each job step. If sufficient processors are not available to initiate the job step, it will be deferred. This can be thought of as providing a mechanism for resource management to the job within its allocation. The exclusive allocation of CPUs only applies to job steps ex- plicitly invoked with the --exclusive option. For example, a job might be allocated one node with four CPUs and a remote shell invoked on the allocated node. If that shell is not in- voked with the --exclusive option, then it may create a job step with four tasks using the --exclusive option and not conflict with the remote shell's resource allocation. Use the --exclu- sive option to invoke every job step to ensure distinct re- sources for each step. Note that all CPUs allocated to a job are available to each job step unless the --exclusive option is used plus task affinity is configured. Since resource management is provided by processor, the --ntasks option must be specified, but the following options should NOT be specified --relative, --distribution=arbitrary. See EXAMPLE below. --export=<[ALL,]environment variables|ALL|NONE> Identify which environment variables from the submission envi- ronment are propagated to the launched application. --export=ALL Default mode if --export is not specified. All of the users environment will be loaded from callers environ- ment. --export=NONE None of the user environment will be defined. User must use absolute path to the binary to be executed that will define the environment. User can not specify explicit environment variables with NONE. This option is particularly important for jobs that are submitted on one cluster and execute on a differ- ent cluster (e.g. with different paths). To avoid steps inheriting environment export settings (e.g. NONE) from sbatch command, either set --export=ALL or the environment variable SLURM_EXPORT_ENV should be set to ALL. --export=<[ALL,]environment variables_ Exports all SLURM* environment variables along with explicitly defined variables. Multiple environment variable names should be comma separated. Environment variable names may be specified to propagate the cur- rent value (e.g. "--export=EDITOR") or specific values may be exported (e.g. "--export=EDITOR=/bin/emacs"). If ALL is specified, then all user environment vari- ables will be loaded and will take precedence over any explicitly given environment variables. Example: --export=EDITOR,ARG1=test In this example, the propagated environment will only contain the variable EDITOR from the user's environ- ment, SLURM_* environment variables, and ARG1=test. Example: --export=ALL,EDITOR=/bin/emacs There are two possible outcomes for this example. If the caller has the EDITOR environment variable de- fined, then the job's environment will inherit the variable from the caller's environment. If the caller doesn't have an environment variable defined for EDI- TOR, then the job's environment will use the value given by --export. -F, --nodefile=<node file> Much like --nodelist, but the list is contained in a file of name node file. The node names of the list may also span multi- ple lines in the file. Duplicate node names in the file will be ignored. The order of the node names in the list is not im- portant; the node names will be sorted by Slurm. --gid=<group> If srun is run as root, and the --gid option is used, submit the job with group's group access permissions. group may be the group name or the numerical group ID. This option applies to job allocations. -G, --gpus=[<type>:]<number> Specify the total number of GPUs required for the job. An op- tional GPU type specification can be supplied. For example "--gpus=volta:3". Multiple options can be requested in a comma separated list, for example: "--gpus=volta:3,kepler:1". See also the --gpus-per-node, --gpus-per-socket and --gpus-per-task options. --gpu-bind=<type> Bind tasks to specific GPUs. By default every spawned task can access every GPU allocated to the job. Supported type options: closest Bind each task to the GPU(s) which are closest. In a NUMA environment, each task may be bound to more than one GPU (i.e. all GPUs in that NUMA environment). map_gpu:<list> Bind by setting GPU masks on tasks (or ranks) as spec- ified where <list> is <gpu_id_for_task_0>,<gpu_id_for_task_1>,... GPU IDs are interpreted as decimal values unless they are pre- ceded with '0x' in which case they interpreted as hexadecimal values. If the number of tasks (or ranks) exceeds the number of elements in this list, elements in the list will be reused as needed starting from the beginning of the list. To simplify support for large task counts, the lists may follow a map with an aster- isk and repetition count. For example "map_gpu:0*4,1*4". Not supported unless the entire node is allocated to the job. mask_gpu:<list> Bind by setting GPU masks on tasks (or ranks) as spec- ified where <list> is <gpu_mask_for_task_0>,<gpu_mask_for_task_1>,... The mapping is specified for a node and identical mapping is applied to the tasks on every node (i.e. the lowest task ID on each node is mapped to the first mask spec- ified in the list, etc.). GPU masks are always inter- preted as hexadecimal values but can be preceded with an optional '0x'. To simplify support for large task counts, the lists may follow a map with an asterisk and repetition count. For example "mask_gpu:0x0f*4,0xf0*4". Not supported unless the entire node is allocated to the job. --gpu-freq=[<type]=value>[,<type=value>][,verbose] Request that GPUs allocated to the job are configured with spe- cific frequency values. This option can be used to indepen- dently configure the GPU and its memory frequencies. After the job is completed, the frequencies of all affected GPUs will be reset to the highest possible values. In some cases, system power caps may override the requested values. The field type can be "memory". If type is not specified, the GPU frequency is implied. The value field can either be "low", "medium", "high", "highm1" or a numeric value in megahertz (MHz). If the speci- fied numeric value is not possible, a value as close as possible will be used. See below for definition of the values. The ver- bose option causes current GPU frequency information to be logged. Examples of use include "--gpu-freq=medium,memory=high" and "--gpu-freq=450". Supported value definitions: low the lowest available frequency. medium attempts to set a frequency in the middle of the available range. high the highest available frequency. highm1 (high minus one) will select the next highest avail- able frequency. --gpus-per-node=[<type>:]<number> Specify the number of GPUs required for the job on each node in- cluded in the job's resource allocation. An optional GPU type specification can be supplied. For example "--gpus-per-node=volta:3". Multiple options can be requested in a comma separated list, for example: "--gpus-per-node=volta:3,kepler:1". See also the --gpus, --gpus-per-socket and --gpus-per-task options. --gpus-per-socket=[<type>:]<number> Specify the number of GPUs required for the job on each socket included in the job's resource allocation. An optional GPU type specification can be supplied. For example "--gpus-per-socket=volta:3". Multiple options can be requested in a comma separated list, for example: "--gpus-per-socket=volta:3,kepler:1". Requires job to specify a sockets per node count ( --sockets-per-node). See also the --gpus, --gpus-per-node and --gpus-per-task options. This op- tion applies to job allocations. --gpus-per-task=[<type>:]<number> Specify the number of GPUs required for the job on each task to be spawned in the job's resource allocation. An optional GPU type specification can be supplied. For example "--gpus-per-task=volta:1". Multiple options can be requested in a comma separated list, for example: "--gpus-per-task=volta:3,kepler:1". See also the --gpus, --gpus-per-socket and --gpus-per-node options. This option re- quires an explicit task count, e.g. -n, --ntasks or "--gpus=X --gpus-per-task=Y" rather than an ambiguous range of nodes with -N, --nodes. NOTE: This option will not have any impact on GPU binding, specifically it won't limit the number of devices set for CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES. --gres=<list> Specifies a comma delimited list of generic consumable re- sources. The format of each entry on the list is "name[[:type]:count]". The name is that of the consumable re- source. The count is the number of those resources with a de- fault value of 1. The count can have a suffix of "k" or "K" (multiple of 1024), "m" or "M" (multiple of 1024 x 1024), "g" or "G" (multiple of 1024 x 1024 x 1024), "t" or "T" (multiple of 1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024), "p" or "P" (multiple of 1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024 x 1024). The specified resources will be allo- cated to the job on each node. The available generic consumable resources is configurable by the system administrator. A list of available generic consumable resources will be printed and the command will exit if the option argument is "help". Exam- ples of use include "--gres=gpu:2,mic:1", "--gres=gpu:kepler:2", and "--gres=help". NOTE: This option applies to job and step allocations. By default, a job step is allocated all of the generic resources that have allocated to the job. To change the behavior so that each job step is allocated no generic re- sources, explicitly set the value of --gres to specify zero counts for each generic resource OR set "--gres=none" OR set the SLURM_STEP_GRES environment variable to "none". --gres-flags=<type> Specify generic resource task binding options. This option ap- plies to job allocations. disable-binding Disable filtering of CPUs with respect to generic re- source locality. This option is currently required to use more CPUs than are bound to a GRES (i.e. if a GPU is bound to the CPUs on one socket, but resources on more than one socket are required to run the job). This op- tion may permit a job to be allocated resources sooner than otherwise possible, but may result in lower job per- formance. enforce-binding The only CPUs available to the job will be those bound to the selected GRES (i.e. the CPUs identified in the gres.conf file will be strictly enforced). This option may result in delayed initiation of a job. For example a job requiring two GPUs and one CPU will be delayed until both GPUs on a single socket are available rather than using GPUs bound to separate sockets, however the appli- cation performance may be improved due to improved commu- nication speed. Requires the node to be configured with more than one socket and resource filtering will be per- formed on a per-socket basis. -H, --hold Specify the job is to be submitted in a held state (priority of zero). A held job can now be released using scontrol to reset its priority (e.g. "scontrol release _job_id_"). This option ap- plies to job allocations. -h, --help Display help information and exit. --hint=<type> Bind tasks according to application hints. compute_bound Select settings for compute bound applications: use all cores in each socket, one thread per core. memory_bound Select settings for memory bound applications: use only one core in each socket, one thread per core. [no]multithread [don't] use extra threads with in-core multi-threading which can benefit communication intensive applications. Only supported with the task/affinity plugin. help show this help message This option applies to job allocations. -I, --immediate[=<seconds>] exit if resources are not available within the time period spec- ified. If no argument is given (seconds defaults to 1), re- sources must be available immediately for the request to suc- ceed. If defer is configured in SchedulerParameters and sec- onds=1 the allocation request will fail immediately; defer con- flicts and takes precedence over this option. By default, --im- mediate is off, and the command will block until resources be- come available. Since this option's argument is optional, for proper parsing the single letter option must be followed immedi- ately with the value and not include a space between them. For example "-I60" and not "-I 60". This option applies to job and step allocations. -i, --input=<mode> Specify how stdin is to redirected. By default, srun redirects stdin from the terminal all tasks. See IO Redirection below for more options. For OS X, the poll() function does not support stdin, so input from a terminal is not possible. This option ap- plies to job and step allocations. -J, --job-name=<jobname> Specify a name for the job. The specified name will appear along with the job id number when querying running jobs on the system. The default is the supplied executable program's name. NOTE: This information may be written to the slurm_jobacct.log file. This file is space delimited so if a space is used in the job- name name it will cause problems in properly displaying the con- tents of the slurm_jobacct.log file when the sacct command is used. This option applies to job and step allocations. --jobid=<jobid> Initiate a job step under an already allocated job with job id id. Using this option will cause srun to behave exactly as if the SLURM_JOB_ID environment variable was set. This option ap- plies to step allocations. -K, --kill-on-bad-exit[=0|1] Controls whether or not to terminate a step if any task exits with a non-zero exit code. If this option is not specified, the default action will be based upon the Slurm configuration param- eter of KillOnBadExit. If this option is specified, it will take precedence over KillOnBadExit. An option argument of zero will not terminate the job. A non-zero argument or no argument will terminate the job. Note: This option takes precedence over the -W, --wait option to terminate the job immediately if a task ex- its with a non-zero exit code. Since this option's argument is optional, for proper parsing the single letter option must be followed immediately with the value and not include a space be- tween them. For example "-K1" and not "-K 1". -k, --no-kill [=off] Do not automatically terminate a job if one of the nodes it has been allocated fails. This option applies to job and step allo- cations. The job will assume all responsibilities for fault-tolerance. Tasks launch using this option will not be considered terminated (e.g. -K, --kill-on-bad-exit and -W, --wait options will have no effect upon the job step). The ac- tive job step (MPI job) will likely suffer a fatal error, but subsequent job steps may be run if this option is specified. Specify an optional argument of "off" disable the effect of the SLURM_NO_KILL environment variable. The default action is to terminate the job upon node failure. -l, --label Prepend task number to lines of stdout/err. The --label option will prepend lines of output with the remote task id. This op- tion applies to step allocations. -L, --licenses=<license> Specification of licenses (or other resources available on all nodes of the cluster) which must be allocated to this job. Li- cense names can be followed by a colon and count (the default count is one). Multiple license names should be comma separated (e.g. "--licenses=foo:4,bar"). This option applies to job allo- cations. -M, --clusters=<string> Clusters to issue commands to. Multiple cluster names may be comma separated. The job will be submitted to the one cluster providing the earliest expected job initiation time. The default value is the current cluster. A value of 'all' will query to run on all clusters. Note the --export option to control environ- ment variables exported between clusters. This option applies only to job allocations. Note that the SlurmDBD must be up for this option to work properly. -m, --distribution= *|block|cyclic|arbitrary|plane=_options_ [:*|block|cyclic|fcyclic[:*|block| cyclic|fcyclic]][,Pack|NoPack] Specify alternate distribution methods for remote processes. This option controls the distribution of tasks to the nodes on which resources have been allocated, and the distribution of those resources to tasks for binding (task affinity). The first distribution method (before the first ":") controls the distri- bution of tasks to nodes. The second distribution method (after the first ":") controls the distribution of allocated CPUs across sockets for binding to tasks. The third distribution method (after the second ":") controls the distribution of allo- cated CPUs across cores for binding to tasks. The second and third distributions apply only if task affinity is enabled. The third distribution is supported only if the task/cgroup plugin is configured. The default value for each distribution type is specified by *. Note that with select/cons_res, the number of CPUs allocated on each socket and node may be different. Refer to https://slurm.schedmd.com/mc_support.html for more information on resource allocation, distribution of tasks to nodes, and binding of tasks to CPUs. First distribution method (distribution of tasks across nodes): * Use the default method for distributing tasks to nodes (block). block The block distribution method will distribute tasks to a node such that consecutive tasks share a node. For exam- ple, consider an allocation of three nodes each with two cpus. A four-task block distribution request will dis- tribute those tasks to the nodes with tasks one and two on the first node, task three on the second node, and task four on the third node. Block distribution is the default behavior if the number of tasks exceeds the num- ber of allocated nodes. cyclic The cyclic distribution method will distribute tasks to a node such that consecutive tasks are distributed over consecutive nodes (in a round-robin fashion). For exam- ple, consider an allocation of three nodes each with two cpus. A four-task cyclic distribution request will dis- tribute those tasks to the nodes with tasks one and four on the first node, task two on the second node, and task three on the third node. Note that when SelectType is select/cons_res, the same number of CPUs may not be allo- cated on each node. Task distribution will be round-robin among all the nodes with CPUs yet to be assigned to tasks. Cyclic distribution is the default behavior if the number of tasks is no larger than the number of allo- cated nodes. plane The tasks are distributed in blocks of a specified size. The options include a number representing the size of the task block. This is followed by an optional specifica- tion of the task distribution scheme within a block of tasks and between the blocks of tasks. The number of tasks distributed to each node is the same as for cyclic distribution, but the taskids assigned to each node de- pend on the plane size. For more details (including exam- ples and diagrams), please see https://slurm.schedmd.com/mc_support.html and https://slurm.schedmd.com/dist_plane.html arbitrary The arbitrary method of distribution will allocate pro- cesses in-order as listed in file designated by the envi- ronment variable SLURM_HOSTFILE. If this variable is listed it will over ride any other method specified. If not set the method will default to block. Inside the hostfile must contain at minimum the number of hosts re- quested and be one per line or comma separated. If spec- ifying a task count (-n, --ntasks=<number>), your tasks will be laid out on the nodes in the order of the file. NOTE: The arbitrary distribution option on a job alloca- tion only controls the nodes to be allocated to the job and not the allocation of CPUs on those nodes. This op- tion is meant primarily to control a job step's task lay- out in an existing job allocation for the srun command. NOTE: If number of tasks is given and a list of requested nodes is also given the number of nodes used from that list will be reduced to match that of the number of tasks if the number of nodes in the list is greater than the number of tasks. Second distribution method (distribution of CPUs across sockets for binding): * Use the default method for distributing CPUs across sock- ets (cyclic). block The block distribution method will distribute allocated CPUs consecutively from the same socket for binding to tasks, before using the next consecutive socket. cyclic The cyclic distribution method will distribute allocated CPUs for binding to a given task consecutively from the same socket, and from the next consecutive socket for the next task, in a round-robin fashion across sockets. fcyclic The fcyclic distribution method will distribute allocated CPUs for binding to tasks from consecutive sockets in a round-robin fashion across the sockets. Third distribution method (distribution of CPUs across cores for binding): * Use the default method for distributing CPUs across cores (inherited from second distribution method). block The block distribution method will distribute allocated CPUs consecutively from the same core for binding to tasks, before using the next consecutive core. cyclic The cyclic distribution method will distribute allocated CPUs for binding to a given task consecutively from the same core, and from the next consecutive core for the next task, in a round-robin fashion across cores. fcyclic The fcyclic distribution method will distribute allocated CPUs for binding to tasks from consecutive cores in a round-robin fashion across the cores. Optional control for task distribution over nodes: Pack Rather than evenly distributing a job step's tasks evenly across its allocated nodes, pack them as tightly as pos- sible on the nodes. This only applies when the "block" task distribution method is used. NoPack Rather than packing a job step's tasks as tightly as pos- sible on the nodes, distribute them evenly. This user option will supersede the SelectTypeParameters CR_Pack_Nodes configuration parameter. This option applies to job and step allocations. --mail-type=<type> Notify user by email when certain event types occur. Valid type values are NONE, BEGIN, END, FAIL, REQUEUE, ALL (equivalent to BEGIN, END, FAIL, REQUEUE, and STAGE_OUT), STAGE_OUT (burst buf- fer stage out and teardown completed), TIME_LIMIT, TIME_LIMIT_90 (reached 90 percent of time limit), TIME_LIMIT_80 (reached 80 percent of time limit), and TIME_LIMIT_50 (reached 50 percent of time limit). Multiple type values may be specified in a comma separated list. The user to be notified is indicated with --mail-user. This option applies to job allocations. --mail-user=<user> User to receive email notification of state changes as defined by --mail-type. The default value is the submitting user. This option applies to job allocations. --mcs-label=<mcs> Used only when the mcs/group plugin is enabled. This parameter is a group among the groups of the user. Default value is cal- culated by the Plugin mcs if it's enabled. This option applies to job allocations. --mem=<size[units]> Specify the real memory required per node. Default units are megabytes unless the SchedulerParameters configuration parameter includes the "default_gbytes" option for gigabytes. Different units can be specified using the suffix [K|M|G|T]. Default value is DefMemPerNode and the maximum value is MaxMemPerNode. If configured, both of parameters can be seen using the scontrol show config command. This parameter would generally be used if whole nodes are allocated to jobs (SelectType=select/linear). Specifying a memory limit of zero for a job step will restrict the job step to the amount of memory allocated to the job, but not remove any of the job's memory allocation from being avail- able to other job steps. Also see --mem-per-cpu and --mem-per-gpu. The --mem, --mem-per-cpu and --mem-per-gpu op- tions are mutually exclusive. If --mem, --mem-per-cpu or --mem-per-gpu are specified as command line arguments, then they will take precedence over the environment (potentially inherited from salloc or sbatch). NOTE: A memory size specification of zero is treated as a spe- cial case and grants the job access to all of the memory on each node for newly submitted jobs and all available job memory to a new job steps. Specifying new memory limits for job steps are only advisory. If the job is allocated multiple nodes in a heterogeneous clus- ter, the memory limit on each node will be that of the node in the allocation with the smallest memory size (same limit will apply to every node in the job's allocation). NOTE: Enforcement of memory limits currently relies upon the task/cgroup plugin or enabling of accounting, which samples mem- ory use on a periodic basis (data need not be stored, just col- lected). In both cases memory use is based upon the job's Resi- dent Set Size (RSS). A task may exceed the memory limit until the next periodic accounting sample. This option applies to job and step allocations. --mem-per-cpu=<size[units]> Minimum memory required per allocated CPU. Default units are megabytes unless the SchedulerParameters configuration parameter includes the "default_gbytes" option for gigabytes. Different units can be specified using the suffix [K|M|G|T]. Default value is DefMemPerCPU and the maximum value is MaxMemPerCPU (see exception below). If configured, both of parameters can be seen using the scontrol show config command. Note that if the job's --mem-per-cpu value exceeds the configured MaxMemPerCPU, then the user's limit will be treated as a memory limit per task; --mem-per-cpu will be reduced to a value no larger than MaxMem- PerCPU; --cpus-per-task will be set and the value of --cpus-per-task multiplied by the new --mem-per-cpu value will equal the original --mem-per-cpu value specified by the user. This parameter would generally be used if individual processors are allocated to jobs (SelectType=select/cons_res). If re- sources are allocated by the core, socket or whole nodes; the number of CPUs allocated to a job may be higher than the task count and the value of --mem-per-cpu should be adjusted accord- ingly. Specifying a memory limit of zero for a job step will restrict the job step to the amount of memory allocated to the job, but not remove any of the job's memory allocation from be- ing available to other job steps. Also see --mem and --mem-per-gpu. The --mem, --mem-per-cpu and --mem-per-gpu op- tions are mutually exclusive. NOTE:If the final amount of memory requested by job (eg.: when --mem-per-cpu use with --exclusive option) can't be satisfied by any of nodes configured in the partition, the job will be re- jected. --mem-per-gpu=<size[units]> Minimum memory required per allocated GPU. Default units are megabytes unless the SchedulerParameters configuration parameter includes the "default_gbytes" option for gigabytes. Different units can be specified using the suffix [K|M|G|T]. Default value is DefMemPerGPU and is available on both a global and per partition basis. If configured, the parameters can be seen us- ing the scontrol show config and scontrol show partition com- mands. Also see --mem. The --mem, --mem-per-cpu and --mem-per-gpu options are mutually exclusive. --mem-bind=[{quiet,verbose},]type Bind tasks to memory. Used only when the task/affinity plugin is enabled and the NUMA memory functions are available. Note that the resolution of CPU and memory binding may differ on some ar- chitectures. For example, CPU binding may be performed at the level of the cores within a processor while memory binding will be performed at the level of nodes, where the definition of "nodes" may differ from system to system. By default no memory binding is performed; any task using any CPU can use any memory. This option is typically used to ensure that each task is bound to the memory closest to its assigned CPU. The use of any type other than "none" or "local" is not recommended. If you want greater control, try running a simple test code with the options "--cpu-bind=verbose,none --mem-bind=verbose,none" to determine the specific configuration. NOTE: To have Slurm always report on the selected memory binding for all commands executed in a shell, you can enable verbose mode by setting the SLURM_MEM_BIND environment variable value to "verbose". The following informational environment variables are set when --mem-bind is in use: SLURM_MEM_BIND_LIST SLURM_MEM_BIND_PREFER SLURM_MEM_BIND_SORT SLURM_MEM_BIND_TYPE SLURM_MEM_BIND_VERBOSE See the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section for a more detailed de- scription of the individual SLURM_MEM_BIND* variables. Supported options include: help show this help message local Use memory local to the processor in use map_mem:<list> Bind by setting memory masks on tasks (or ranks) as spec- ified where <list> is <numa_id_for_task_0>,<numa_id_for_task_1>,... The map- ping is specified for a node and identical mapping is ap- plied to the tasks on every node (i.e. the lowest task ID on each node is mapped to the first ID specified in the list, etc.). NUMA IDs are interpreted as decimal values unless they are preceded with '0x' in which case they in- terpreted as hexadecimal values. If the number of tasks (or ranks) exceeds the number of elements in this list, elements in the list will be reused as needed starting from the beginning of the list. To simplify support for large task counts, the lists may follow a map with an as- terisk and repetition count For example "map_mem:0x0f*4,0xf0*4". Not supported unless the entire node is allocated to the job. mask_mem:<list> Bind by setting memory masks on tasks (or ranks) as spec- ified where <list> is <numa_mask_for_task_0>,<numa_mask_for_task_1>,... The mapping is specified for a node and identical mapping is applied to the tasks on every node (i.e. the lowest task ID on each node is mapped to the first mask specified in the list, etc.). NUMA masks are always interpreted as hexadecimal values. Note that masks must be preceded with a '0x' if they don't begin with [0-9] so they are seen as numerical values. If the number of tasks (or ranks) exceeds the number of elements in this list, ele- ments in the list will be reused as needed starting from the beginning of the list. To simplify support for large task counts, the lists may follow a mask with an asterisk and repetition count For example "mask_mem:0*4,1*4". Not supported unless the entire node is allocated to the job. no[ne] don't bind tasks to memory (default) nosort avoid sorting free cache pages (default, LaunchParameters configuration parameter can override this default) p[refer] Prefer use of first specified NUMA node, but permit use of other available NUMA nodes. q[uiet] quietly bind before task runs (default) rank bind by task rank (not recommended) sort sort free cache pages (run zonesort on Intel KNL nodes) v[erbose] verbosely report binding before task runs This option applies to job and step allocations. --mincpus=<n> Specify a minimum number of logical cpus/processors per node. This option applies to job allocations. --msg-timeout=<seconds> Modify the job launch message timeout. The default value is MessageTimeout in the Slurm configuration file slurm.conf. Changes to this are typically not recommended, but could be use- ful to diagnose problems. This option applies to job alloca- tions. --mpi=<mpi_type> Identify the type of MPI to be used. May result in unique initi- ation procedures. list Lists available mpi types to choose from. pmi2 To enable PMI2 support. The PMI2 support in Slurm works only if the MPI implementation supports it, in other words if the MPI has the PMI2 interface implemented. The --mpi=pmi2 will load the library lib/slurm/mpi_pmi2.so which provides the server side functionality but the client side must implement PMI2_Init() and the other in- terface calls. pmix To enable PMIx support (http://pmix.github.io/master). The PMIx support in Slurm can be used to launch parallel applications (e.g. MPI) if it supports PMIx, PMI2 or PMI1. Slurm must be configured with pmix support by pass- ing "--with-pmix=<PMIx installation path>" option to its "./configure" script. At the time of writing PMIx is supported in Open MPI starting from version 2.0. PMIx also supports backward compatibility with PMI1 and PMI2 and can be used if MPI was configured with PMI2/PMI1 support pointing to the PMIx library ("libpmix"). If MPI supports PMI1/PMI2 but doesn't provide the way to point to a specific implemen- tation, a hack'ish solution leveraging LD_PRELOAD can be used to force "libpmix" usage. none No special MPI processing. This is the default and works with many other versions of MPI. This option applies to step allocations. --multi-prog Run a job with different programs and different arguments for each task. In this case, the executable program specified is ac- tually a configuration file specifying the executable and argu- ments for each task. See MULTIPLE PROGRAM CONFIGURATION below for details on the configuration file contents. This option ap- plies to step allocations. -N, --nodes=<minnodes[-maxnodes]> Request that a minimum of minnodes nodes be allocated to this job. A maximum node count may also be specified with maxnodes. If only one number is specified, this is used as both the mini- mum and maximum node count. The partition's node limits super- sede those of the job. If a job's node limits are outside of the range permitted for its associated partition, the job will be left in a PENDING state. This permits possible execution at a later time, when the partition limit is changed. If a job node limit exceeds the number of nodes configured in the parti- tion, the job will be rejected. Note that the environment vari- able SLURM_JOB_NUM_NODES (and SLURM_NNODES for backwards compat- ibility) will be set to the count of nodes actually allocated to the job. See the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section for more informa- tion. If -N is not specified, the default behavior is to allo- cate enough nodes to satisfy the requirements of the -n and -c options. The job will be allocated as many nodes as possible within the range specified and without delaying the initiation of the job. If number of tasks is given and a number of re- quested nodes is also given the number of nodes used from that request will be reduced to match that of the number of tasks if the number of nodes in the request is greater than the number of tasks. The node count specification may include a numeric value followed by a suffix of "k" (multiplies numeric value by 1,024) or "m" (multiplies numeric value by 1,048,576). This option ap- plies to job and step allocations. -n, --ntasks=<number> Specify the number of tasks to run. Request that srun allocate resources for ntasks tasks. The default is one task per node, but note that the --cpus-per-task option will change this de- fault. This option applies to job and step allocations. --network=<type> Specify information pertaining to the switch or network. The interpretation of type is system dependent. This option is sup- ported when running Slurm on a Cray natively. It is used to re- quest using Network Performance Counters. Only one value per request is valid. All options are case in-sensitive. In this configuration supported values include: system Use the system-wide network performance counters. Only nodes requested will be marked in use for the job alloca- tion. If the job does not fill up the entire system the rest of the nodes are not able to be used by other jobs using NPC, if idle their state will appear as PerfCnts. These nodes are still available for other jobs not using NPC. blade Use the blade network performance counters. Only nodes re- quested will be marked in use for the job allocation. If the job does not fill up the entire blade(s) allocated to the job those blade(s) are not able to be used by other jobs using NPC, if idle their state will appear as PerfC- nts. These nodes are still available for other jobs not using NPC. In all cases the job or step allocation request must specify the --exclusive option. Otherwise the request will be denied. Also with any of these options steps are not allowed to share blades, so resources would remain idle inside an allocation if the step running on a blade does not take up all the nodes on the blade. The network option is also supported on systems with IBM's Par- allel Environment (PE). See IBM's LoadLeveler job command key- word documentation about the keyword "network" for more informa- tion. Multiple values may be specified in a comma separated list. All options are case in-sensitive. Supported values in- clude: BULK_XFER[=<resources>] Enable bulk transfer of data using Remote Direct- Memory Access (RDMA). The optional resources speci- fication is a numeric value which can have a suffix of "k", "K", "m", "M", "g" or "G" for kilobytes, megabytes or gigabytes. NOTE: The resources speci- fication is not supported by the underlying IBM in- frastructure as of Parallel Environment version 2.2 and no value should be specified at this time. The devices allocated to a job must all be of the same type. The default value depends upon depends upon what hardware is available and in order of prefer- ences is IPONLY (which is not considered in User Space mode), HFI, IB, HPCE, and KMUX. CAU=<count> Number of Collective Acceleration Units (CAU) re- quired. Applies only to IBM Power7-IH processors. Default value is zero. Independent CAU will be al- located for each programming interface (MPI, LAPI, etc.) DEVNAME=<name> Specify the device name to use for communications (e.g. "eth0" or "mlx4_0"). DEVTYPE=<type> Specify the device type to use for communications. The supported values of type are: "IB" (InfiniBand), "HFI" (P7 Host Fabric Interface), "IPONLY" (IP-Only interfaces), "HPCE" (HPC Ethernet), and "KMUX" (Ker- nel Emulation of HPCE). The devices allocated to a job must all be of the same type. The default value depends upon depends upon what hardware is available and in order of preferences is IPONLY (which is not considered in User Space mode), HFI, IB, HPCE, and KMUX. IMMED =<count> Number of immediate send slots per window required. Applies only to IBM Power7-IH processors. Default value is zero. INSTANCES =<count> Specify number of network connections for each task on each network connection. The default instance count is 1. IPV4 Use Internet Protocol (IP) version 4 communications (default). IPV6 Use Internet Protocol (IP) version 6 communications. LAPI Use the LAPI programming interface. MPI Use the MPI programming interface. MPI is the de- fault interface. PAMI Use the PAMI programming interface. SHMEM Use the OpenSHMEM programming interface. SN_ALL Use all available switch networks (default). SN_SINGLE Use one available switch network. UPC Use the UPC programming interface. US Use User Space communications. Some examples of network specifications: Instances=2,US,MPI,SN_ALL Create two user space connections for MPI communica- tions on every switch network for each task. US,MPI,Instances=3,Devtype=IB Create three user space connections for MPI communi- cations on every InfiniBand network for each task. IPV4,LAPI,SN_Single Create a IP version 4 connection for LAPI communica- tions on one switch network for each task. Instances=2,US,LAPI,MPI Create two user space connections each for LAPI and MPI communications on every switch network for each task. Note that SN_ALL is the default option so ev- ery switch network is used. Also note that In- stances=2 specifies that two connections are estab- lished for each protocol (LAPI and MPI) and each task. If there are two networks and four tasks on the node then a total of 32 connections are estab- lished (2 instances x 2 protocols x 2 networks x 4 tasks). This option applies to job and step allocations. --nice[=adjustment] Run the job with an adjusted scheduling priority within Slurm. With no adjustment value the scheduling priority is decreased by 100. A negative nice value increases the priority, otherwise de- creases it. The adjustment range is +/- 2147483645. Only privi- leged users can specify a negative adjustment. --ntasks-per-core=<ntasks> Request the maximum ntasks be invoked on each core. This option applies to the job allocation, but not to step allocations. Meant to be used with the --ntasks option. Related to --ntasks-per-node except at the core level instead of the node level. Masks will automatically be generated to bind the tasks to specific core unless --cpu-bind=none is specified. NOTE: This option is not supported unless SelectType=cons_res is con- figured (either directly or indirectly on Cray systems) along with the node's core count. --ntasks-per-node=<ntasks> Request that ntasks be invoked on each node. If used with the --ntasks option, the --ntasks option will take precedence and the --ntasks-per-node will be treated as a maximum count of tasks per node. Meant to be used with the --nodes option. This is related to --cpus-per-task=ncpus, but does not require knowl- edge of the actual number of cpus on each node. In some cases, it is more convenient to be able to request that no more than a specific number of tasks be invoked on each node. Examples of this include submitting a hybrid MPI/OpenMP app where only one MPI "task/rank" should be assigned to each node while allowing the OpenMP portion to utilize all of the parallelism present in the node, or submitting a single setup/cleanup/monitoring job to each node of a pre-existing allocation as one step in a larger job script. This option applies to job allocations. --ntasks-per-socket=<ntasks> Request the maximum ntasks be invoked on each socket. This op- tion applies to the job allocation, but not to step allocations. Meant to be used with the --ntasks option. Related to --ntasks-per-node except at the socket level instead of the node level. Masks will automatically be generated to bind the tasks to specific sockets unless --cpu-bind=none is specified. NOTE: This option is not supported unless SelectType=cons_res is con- figured (either directly or indirectly on Cray systems) along with the node's socket count. -O, --overcommit Overcommit resources. This option applies to job and step allo- cations. When applied to job allocation, only one CPU is allo- cated to the job per node and options used to specify the number of tasks per node, socket, core, etc. are ignored. When ap- plied to job step allocations (the srun command when executed within an existing job allocation), this option can be used to launch more than one task per CPU. Normally, srun will not al- locate more than one process per CPU. By specifying --overcom- mit you are explicitly allowing more than one process per CPU. However no more than MAX_TASKS_PER_NODE tasks are permitted to execute per node. NOTE: MAX_TASKS_PER_NODE is defined in the file slurm.h and is not a variable, it is set at Slurm build time. -o, --output=<filename pattern> Specify the "filename pattern" for stdout redirection. By de- fault in interactive mode, srun collects stdout from all tasks and sends this output via TCP/IP to the attached terminal. With --output stdout may be redirected to a file, to one file per task, or to /dev/null. See section IO Redirection below for the various forms of filename pattern. If the specified file al- ready exists, it will be overwritten. If --error is not also specified on the command line, both std- out and stderr will directed to the file specified by --output. This option applies to job and step allocations. --open-mode=<append|truncate> Open the output and error files using append or truncate mode as specified. For heterogeneous job steps the default value is "append". Otherwise the default value is specified by the sys- tem configuration parameter JobFileAppend. This option applies to job and step allocations. --het-group=<expr> Identify each component in a heterogeneous job allocation for which a step is to be created. Applies only to srun commands is- sued inside a salloc allocation or sbatch script. <expr> is a set of integers corresponding to one or more options offsets on the salloc or sbatch command line. Examples: "--het-group=2", "--het-group=0,4", "--het-group=1,3-5". The default value is --het-group=0. -p, --partition=<partition_names> Request a specific partition for the resource allocation. If not specified, the default behavior is to allow the slurm con- troller to select the default partition as designated by the system administrator. If the job can use more than one parti- tion, specify their names in a comma separate list and the one offering earliest initiation will be used with no regard given to the partition name ordering (although higher priority parti- tions will be considered first). When the job is initiated, the name of the partition used will be placed first in the job record partition string. This option applies to job allocations. --power=<flags> Comma separated list of power management plugin options. Cur- rently available flags include: level (all nodes allocated to the job should have identical power caps, may be disabled by the Slurm configuration option PowerParameters=job_no_level). This option applies to job allocations. --priority=<value> Request a specific job priority. May be subject to configura- tion specific constraints. value should either be a numeric value or "TOP" (for highest possible value). Only Slurm opera- tors and administrators can set the priority of a job. This op- tion applies to job allocations only. --profile=<all|none|[energy[,|task[,|filesystem[,|network]]]]> enables detailed data collection by the acct_gather_profile plugin. Detailed data are typically time-series that are stored in an HDF5 file for the job or an InfluxDB database depending on the configured plugin. All All data types are collected. (Cannot be combined with other values.) None No data types are collected. This is the default. (Cannot be combined with other values.) Energy Energy data is collected. Task Task (I/O, Memory, ...) data is collected. Filesystem Filesystem data is collected. Network Network (InfiniBand) data is collected. This option applies to job and step allocations. --prolog=<executable> srun will run executable just before launching the job step. The command line arguments for executable will be the command and arguments of the job step. If executable is "none", then no srun prolog will be run. This parameter overrides the SrunProlog parameter in slurm.conf. This parameter is completely indepen- dent from the Prolog parameter in slurm.conf. This option ap- plies to job allocations. --propagate[=rlimit[,rlimit...]] Allows users to specify which of the modifiable (soft) resource limits to propagate to the compute nodes and apply to their jobs. If no rlimit is specified, then all resource limits will be propagated. The following rlimit names are supported by Slurm (although some options may not be supported on some sys- tems): ALL All limits listed below (default) NONE No limits listed below AS The maximum address space for a process CORE The maximum size of core file CPU The maximum amount of CPU time DATA The maximum size of a process's data segment FSIZE The maximum size of files created. Note that if the user sets FSIZE to less than the current size of the slurmd.log, job launches will fail with a 'File size limit exceeded' error. MEMLOCK The maximum size that may be locked into memory NOFILE The maximum number of open files NPROC The maximum number of processes available RSS The maximum resident set size STACK The maximum stack size This option applies to job allocations. --pty Execute task zero in pseudo terminal mode. Implicitly sets --unbuffered. Implicitly sets --error and --output to /dev/null for all tasks except task zero, which may cause those tasks to exit immediately (e.g. shells will typically exit immediately in that situation). This option applies to step allocations. -q, --qos=<qos> Request a quality of service for the job. QOS values can be de- fined for each user/cluster/account association in the Slurm database. Users will be limited to their association's defined set of qos's when the Slurm configuration parameter, Account- ingStorageEnforce, includes "qos" in its definition. This option applies to job allocations. -Q, --quiet Suppress informational messages from srun. Errors will still be displayed. This option applies to job and step allocations. --quit-on-interrupt Quit immediately on single SIGINT (Ctrl-C). Use of this option disables the status feature normally available when srun re- ceives a single Ctrl-C and causes srun to instead immediately terminate the running job. This option applies to step alloca- tions. -r, --relative=<n> Run a job step relative to node n of the current allocation. This option may be used to spread several job steps out among the nodes of the current job. If -r is used, the current job step will begin at node n of the allocated nodelist, where the first node is considered node 0. The -r option is not permitted with -w or -x option and will result in a fatal error when not running within a prior allocation (i.e. when SLURM_JOB_ID is not set). The default for n is 0. If the value of --nodes exceeds the number of nodes identified with the --relative option, a warning message will be printed and the --relative option will take precedence. This option applies to step allocations. --reboot Force the allocated nodes to reboot before starting the job. This is only supported with some system configurations and will otherwise be silently ignored. Only root, SlurmUser or admins can reboot nodes. This option applies to job allocations. --resv-ports[=count] Reserve communication ports for this job. Users can specify the number of port they want to reserve. The parameter Mpi- Params=ports=12000-12999 must be specified in slurm.conf. If not specified and Slurm's OpenMPI plugin is used, then by default the number of reserved equal to the highest number of tasks on any node in the job step allocation. If the number of reserved ports is zero then no ports is reserved. Used for OpenMPI. This option applies to job and step allocations. --reservation=<name> Allocate resources for the job from the named reservation. This option applies to job allocations. -s, --oversubscribe The job allocation can over-subscribe resources with other run- ning jobs. The resources to be over-subscribed can be nodes, sockets, cores, and/or hyperthreads depending upon configura- tion. The default over-subscribe behavior depends on system configuration and the partition's OverSubscribe option takes precedence over the job's option. This option may result in the allocation being granted sooner than if the --oversubscribe op- tion was not set and allow higher system utilization, but appli- cation performance will likely suffer due to competition for re- sources. Also see the --exclusive option. This option applies to step allocations. -S, --core-spec=<num> Count of specialized cores per node reserved by the job for sys- tem operations and not used by the application. The application will not use these cores, but will be charged for their alloca- tion. Default value is dependent upon the node's configured CoreSpecCount value. If a value of zero is designated and the Slurm configuration option AllowSpecResourcesUsage is enabled, the job will be allowed to override CoreSpecCount and use the specialized resources on nodes it is allocated. This option can not be used with the --thread-spec option. This option applies to job allocations. --signal=[R:]<sig_num>[@<sig_time>] When a job is within sig_time seconds of its end time, send it the signal sig_num. Due to the resolution of event handling by Slurm, the signal may be sent up to 60 seconds earlier than specified. sig_num may either be a signal number or name (e.g. "10" or "USR1"). sig_time must have an integer value between 0 and 65535. By default, no signal is sent before the job's end time. If a sig_num is specified without any sig_time, the de- fault time will be 60 seconds. This option applies to job allo- cations. Use the "R:" option to allow this job to overlap with a reservation with MaxStartDelay set. To have the signal sent at preemption time see the preempt_send_user_signal SlurmctldPa- rameter. --slurmd-debug=<level> Specify a debug level for slurmd(8). The level may be specified either an integer value between 0 [quiet, only errors are dis- played] and 4 [verbose operation] or the SlurmdDebug tags. quiet Log nothing fatal Log only fatal errors error Log only errors info Log errors and general informational messages verbose Log errors and verbose informational messages The slurmd debug information is copied onto the stderr of the job. By default only errors are displayed. This option ap- plies to job and step allocations. --sockets-per-node=<sockets> Restrict node selection to nodes with at least the specified number of sockets. See additional information under -B option above when task/affinity plugin is enabled. This option applies to job allocations. --spread-job Spread the job allocation over as many nodes as possible and at- tempt to evenly distribute tasks across the allocated nodes. This option disables the topology/tree plugin. This option ap- plies to job allocations. --switches=<count>[@<max-time>] When a tree topology is used, this defines the maximum count of switches desired for the job allocation and optionally the maxi- mum time to wait for that number of switches. If Slurm finds an allocation containing more switches than the count specified, the job remains pending until it either finds an allocation with desired switch count or the time limit expires. It there is no switch count limit, there is no delay in starting the job. Ac- ceptable time formats include "minutes", "minutes:seconds", "hours:minutes:seconds", "days-hours", "days-hours:minutes" and "days-hours:minutes:seconds". The job's maximum time delay may be limited by the system administrator using the SchedulerParam- eters configuration parameter with the max_switch_wait parameter option. On a dragonfly network the only switch count supported is 1 since communication performance will be highest when a job is allocate resources on one leaf switch or more than 2 leaf switches. The default max-time is the max_switch_wait Sched- ulerParameters. This option applies to job allocations. -T, --threads=<nthreads> Allows limiting the number of concurrent threads used to send the job request from the srun process to the slurmd processes on the allocated nodes. Default is to use one thread per allocated node up to a maximum of 60 concurrent threads. Specifying this option limits the number of concurrent threads to nthreads (less than or equal to 60). This should only be used to set a low thread count for testing on very small memory computers. This option applies to job allocations. -t, --time=<time> Set a limit on the total run time of the job allocation. If the requested time limit exceeds the partition's time limit, the job will be left in a PENDING state (possibly indefinitely). The default time limit is the partition's default time limit. When the time limit is reached, each task in each job step is sent SIGTERM followed by SIGKILL. The interval between signals is specified by the Slurm configuration parameter KillWait. The OverTimeLimit configuration parameter may permit the job to run longer than scheduled. Time resolution is one minute and second values are rounded up to the next minute. A time limit of zero requests that no time limit be imposed. Acceptable time formats include "minutes", "minutes:seconds", "hours:minutes:seconds", "days-hours", "days-hours:minutes" and "days-hours:minutes:seconds". This option applies to job and step allocations. --task-epilog=<executable> The slurmstepd daemon will run executable just after each task terminates. This will be executed before any TaskEpilog parame- ter in slurm.conf is executed. This is meant to be a very short-lived program. If it fails to terminate within a few sec- onds, it will be killed along with any descendant processes. This option applies to step allocations. --task-prolog=<executable> The slurmstepd daemon will run executable just before launching each task. This will be executed after any TaskProlog parameter in slurm.conf is executed. Besides the normal environment vari- ables, this has SLURM_TASK_PID available to identify the process ID of the task being started. Standard output from this program of the form "export NAME=value" will be used to set environment variables for the task being spawned. This option applies to step allocations. --test-only Returns an estimate of when a job would be scheduled to run given the current job queue and all the other srun arguments specifying the job. This limits srun's behavior to just return information; no job is actually submitted. The program will be executed directly by the slurmd daemon. This option applies to job allocations. --thread-spec=<num> Count of specialized threads per node reserved by the job for system operations and not used by the application. The applica- tion will not use these threads, but will be charged for their allocation. This option can not be used with the --core-spec option. This option applies to job allocations. --threads-per-core=<threads> Restrict node selection to nodes with at least the specified number of threads per core. NOTE: "Threads" refers to the num- ber of processing units on each core rather than the number of application tasks to be launched per core. See additional in- formation under -B option above when task/affinity plugin is en- abled. This option applies to job allocations. --time-min=<time> Set a minimum time limit on the job allocation. If specified, the job may have its --time limit lowered to a value no lower than --time-min if doing so permits the job to begin execution earlier than otherwise possible. The job's time limit will not be changed after the job is allocated resources. This is per- formed by a backfill scheduling algorithm to allocate resources otherwise reserved for higher priority jobs. Acceptable time formats include "minutes", "minutes:seconds", "hours:min- utes:seconds", "days-hours", "days-hours:minutes" and "days-hours:minutes:seconds". This option applies to job alloca- tions. --tmp=<size[units]> Specify a minimum amount of temporary disk space per node. De- fault units are megabytes unless the SchedulerParameters config- uration parameter includes the "default_gbytes" option for giga- bytes. Different units can be specified using the suffix [K|M|G|T]. This option applies to job allocations. -u, --unbuffered By default the connection between slurmstepd and the user launched application is over a pipe. The stdio output written by the application is buffered by the glibc until it is flushed or the output is set as unbuffered. See setbuf(3). If this option is specified the tasks are executed with a pseudo terminal so that the application output is unbuffered. This option applies to step allocations. --usage Display brief help message and exit. --uid=<user> Attempt to submit and/or run a job as user instead of the invok- ing user id. The invoking user's credentials will be used to check access permissions for the target partition. User root may use this option to run jobs as a normal user in a RootOnly par- tition for example. If run as root, srun will drop its permis- sions to the uid specified after node allocation is successful. user may be the user name or numerical user ID. This option ap- plies to job and step allocations. --use-min-nodes If a range of node counts is given, prefer the smaller count. -V, --version Display version information and exit. -v, --verbose Increase the verbosity of srun's informational messages. Multi- ple -v's will further increase srun's verbosity. By default only errors will be displayed. This option applies to job and step allocations. -W, --wait=<seconds> Specify how long to wait after the first task terminates before terminating all remaining tasks. A value of 0 indicates an un- limited wait (a warning will be issued after 60 seconds). The default value is set by the WaitTime parameter in the slurm con- figuration file (see slurm.conf(5)). This option can be useful to ensure that a job is terminated in a timely fashion in the event that one or more tasks terminate prematurely. Note: The -K, --kill-on-bad-exit option takes precedence over -W, --wait to terminate the job immediately if a task exits with a non-zero exit code. This option applies to job allocations. -w, --nodelist=<host1,host2,... or filename> Request a specific list of hosts. The job will contain all of these hosts and possibly additional hosts as needed to satisfy resource requirements. The list may be specified as a comma-separated list of hosts, a range of hosts (host[1-5,7,...] for example), or a filename. The host list will be assumed to be a filename if it contains a "/" character. If you specify a minimum node or processor count larger than can be satisfied by the supplied host list, additional resources will be allocated on other nodes as needed. Rather than repeating a host name multiple times, an asterisk and a repetition count may be ap- pended to a host name. For example "host1,host1" and "host1*2" are equivalent. If number of tasks is given and a list of re- quested nodes is also given the number of nodes used from that list will be reduced to match that of the number of tasks if the number of nodes in the list is greater than the number of tasks. This option applies to job and step allocations. --wckey=<wckey> Specify wckey to be used with job. If TrackWCKey=no (default) in the slurm.conf this value is ignored. This option applies to job allocations. -X, --disable-status Disable the display of task status when srun receives a single SIGINT (Ctrl-C). Instead immediately forward the SIGINT to the running job. Without this option a second Ctrl-C in one second is required to forcibly terminate the job and srun will immedi- ately exit. May also be set via the environment variable SLURM_DISABLE_STATUS. This option applies to job allocations. -x, --exclude=<host1,host2,... or filename> Request that a specific list of hosts not be included in the re- sources allocated to this job. The host list will be assumed to be a filename if it contains a "/"character. This option applies to job allocations. --x11[=<all|first|last>] Sets up X11 forwarding on all, first or last node(s) of the al- location. This option is only enabled if Slurm was compiled with X11 support and PrologFlags=x11 is defined in the slurm.conf. Default is all. -Z, --no-allocate Run the specified tasks on a set of nodes without creating a Slurm "job" in the Slurm queue structure, bypassing the normal resource allocation step. The list of nodes must be specified with the -w, --nodelist option. This is a privileged option only available for the users "SlurmUser" and "root". This option applies to job allocations. srun will submit the job request to the slurm job controller, then ini- tiate all processes on the remote nodes. If the request cannot be met immediately, srun will block until the resources are free to run the job. If the -I (--immediate) option is specified srun will terminate if resources are not immediately available. When initiating remote processes srun will propagate the current work- ing directory, unless --chdir=<path> is specified, in which case path will become the working directory for the remote processes. The -n, -c, and -N options control how CPUs and nodes will be allo- cated to the job. When specifying only the number of processes to run with -n, a default of one CPU per process is allocated. By specifying the number of CPUs required per task (-c), more than one CPU may be al- located per process. If the number of nodes is specified with -N, srun will attempt to allocate at least the number of nodes specified. Combinations of the above three options may be used to change how pro- cesses are distributed across nodes and cpus. For instance, by specify- ing both the number of processes and number of nodes on which to run, the number of processes per node is implied. However, if the number of CPUs per process is more important then number of processes (-n) and the number of CPUs per process (-c) should be specified. srun will refuse to allocate more than one process per CPU unless --overcommit (-O) is also specified. srun will attempt to meet the above specifications "at a minimum." That is, if 16 nodes are requested for 32 processes, and some nodes do not have 2 CPUs, the allocation of nodes will be increased in order to meet the demand for CPUs. In other words, a minimum of 16 nodes are being requested. However, if 16 nodes are requested for 15 processes, srun will consider this an error, as 15 processes cannot run across 16 nodes. IO Redirection By default, stdout and stderr will be redirected from all tasks to the stdout and stderr of srun, and stdin will be redirected from the stan- dard input of srun to all remote tasks. If stdin is only to be read by a subset of the spawned tasks, specifying a file to read from rather than forwarding stdin from the srun command may be preferable as it avoids moving and storing data that will never be read. For OS X, the poll() function does not support stdin, so input from a terminal is not possible. This behavior may be changed with the --output, --error, and --input (-o, -e, -i) options. Valid format specifications for these options are all stdout stderr is redirected from all tasks to srun. stdin is broadcast to all remote tasks. (This is the default behav- ior) none stdout and stderr is not received from any task. stdin is not sent to any task (stdin is closed). taskid stdout and/or stderr are redirected from only the task with relative id equal to taskid, where 0 <= taskid <= ntasks, where ntasks is the total number of tasks in the current job step. stdin is redirected from the stdin of srun to this same task. This file will be written on the node executing the task. filename srun will redirect stdout and/or stderr to the named file from all tasks. stdin will be redirected from the named file and broadcast to all tasks in the job. filename refers to a path on the host that runs srun. Depending on the cluster's file system layout, this may result in the output appearing in different places depending on whether the job is run in batch mode. filename pattern srun allows for a filename pattern to be used to generate the named IO file described above. The following list of format specifiers may be used in the format string to generate a filename that will be unique to a given jobid, stepid, node, or task. In each case, the appropriate number of files are opened and associated with the corresponding tasks. Note that any format string containing %t, %n, and/or %N will be writ- ten on the node executing the task rather than the node where srun executes, these format specifiers are not supported on a BGQ system. \\ Do not process any of the replacement symbols. %% The character "%". %A Job array's master job allocation number. %a Job array ID (index) number. %J jobid.stepid of the running job. (e.g. "128.0") %j jobid of the running job. %s stepid of the running job. %N short hostname. This will create a separate IO file per node. %n Node identifier relative to current job (e.g. "0" is the first node of the running job) This will create a separate IO file per node. %t task identifier (rank) relative to current job. This will create a separate IO file per task. %u User name. %x Job name. A number placed between the percent character and format specifier may be used to zero-pad the result in the IO file- name. This number is ignored if the format specifier corre- sponds to non-numeric data (%N for example). Some examples of how the format string may be used for a 4 task job step with a Job ID of 128 and step id of 0 are in- cluded below: job%J.out job128.0.out job%4j.out job0128.out job%j-%2t.out job128-00.out, job128-01.out, ... PERFORMANCE Executing srun sends a remote procedure call to slurmctld. If enough calls from srun or other Slurm client commands that send remote proce- dure calls to the slurmctld daemon come in at once, it can result in a degradation of performance of the slurmctld daemon, possibly resulting in a denial of service. Do not run srun or other Slurm client commands that send remote proce- dure calls to slurmctld from loops in shell scripts or other programs. Ensure that programs limit calls to srun to the minimum necessary for the information you are trying to gather. INPUT ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES Some srun options may be set via environment variables. These environ- ment variables, along with their corresponding options, are listed be- low. Note: Command line options will always override these settings. PMI_FANOUT This is used exclusively with PMI (MPICH2 and MVAPICH2) and controls the fanout of data commu- nications. The srun command sends messages to ap- plication programs (via the PMI library) and those applications may be called upon to forward that data to up to this number of additional tasks. Higher values offload work from the srun command to the applications and likely increase the vulnerability to failures. The default value is 32. PMI_FANOUT_OFF_HOST This is used exclusively with PMI (MPICH2 and MVAPICH2) and controls the fanout of data commu- nications. The srun command sends messages to application programs (via the PMI library) and those applications may be called upon to forward that data to additional tasks. By default, srun sends one message per host and one task on that host forwards the data to other tasks on that host up to PMI_FANOUT. If PMI_FANOUT_OFF_HOST is defined, the user task may be required to forward the data to tasks on other hosts. Setting PMI_FANOUT_OFF_HOST may increase performance. Since more work is performed by the PMI library loaded by the user application, failures also can be more common and more difficult to diagnose. PMI_TIME This is used exclusively with PMI (MPICH2 and MVAPICH2) and controls how much the communica- tions from the tasks to the srun are spread out in time in order to avoid overwhelming the srun command with work. The default value is 500 (mi- croseconds) per task. On relatively slow proces- sors or systems with very large processor counts (and large PMI data sets), higher values may be required. SLURM_CONF The location of the Slurm configuration file. SLURM_ACCOUNT Same as -A, --account SLURM_ACCTG_FREQ Same as --acctg-freq SLURM_BCAST Same as --bcast SLURM_BURST_BUFFER Same as --bb SLURM_COMPRESS Same as --compress SLURM_CONSTRAINT Same as -C, --constraint SLURM_CORE_SPEC Same as --core-spec SLURM_CPU_BIND Same as --cpu-bind SLURM_CPU_FREQ_REQ Same as --cpu-freq. SLURM_CPUS_PER_GPU Same as --cpus-per-gpu SLURM_CPUS_PER_TASK Same as -c, --cpus-per-task SLURM_DEBUG Same as -v, --verbose SLURM_DELAY_BOOT Same as --delay-boot SLURMD_DEBUG Same as -d, --slurmd-debug SLURM_DEPENDENCY Same as -P, --dependency=<jobid> SLURM_DISABLE_STATUS Same as -X, --disable-status SLURM_DIST_PLANESIZE Same as -m plane SLURM_DISTRIBUTION Same as -m, --distribution SLURM_EPILOG Same as --epilog SLURM_EXCLUSIVE Same as --exclusive SLURM_EXIT_ERROR Specifies the exit code generated when a Slurm error occurs (e.g. invalid options). This can be used by a script to distinguish application exit codes from various Slurm error conditions. Also see SLURM_EXIT_IMMEDIATE. SLURM_EXIT_IMMEDIATE Specifies the exit code generated when the --im- mediate option is used and resources are not cur- rently available. This can be used by a script to distinguish application exit codes from vari- ous Slurm error conditions. Also see SLURM_EXIT_ERROR. SLURM_EXPORT_ENV Same as --export SLURM_GPUS Same as -G, --gpus SLURM_GPU_BIND Same as --gpu-bind SLURM_GPU_FREQ Same as --gpu-freq SLURM_GPUS_PER_NODE Same as --gpus-per-node SLURM_GPUS_PER_TASK Same as --gpus-per-task SLURM_GRES_FLAGS Same as --gres-flags SLURM_HINT Same as --hint SLURM_GRES Same as --gres. Also see SLURM_STEP_GRES SLURM_IMMEDIATE Same as -I, --immediate SLURM_JOB_ID Same as --jobid SLURM_JOB_NAME Same as -J, --job-name except within an existing allocation, in which case it is ignored to avoid using the batch job's name as the name of each job step. SLURM_JOB_NODELIST Same as -w, --nodelist=<host1,host2,... or file- name>. If job has been resized, ensure that this nodelist is adjusted (or undefined) to avoid jobs steps being rejected due to down nodes. SLURM_JOB_NUM_NODES (and SLURM_NNODES for backwards compatibility) Same as -N, --nodes Total number of nodes in the jobas resource allocation. SLURM_KILL_BAD_EXIT Same as -K, --kill-on-bad-exit SLURM_LABELIO Same as -l, --label SLURM_MEM_BIND Same as --mem-bind SLURM_MEM_PER_CPU Same as --mem-per-cpu SLURM_MEM_PER_GPU Same as --mem-per-gpu SLURM_MEM_PER_NODE Same as --mem SLURM_MPI_TYPE Same as --mpi SLURM_NETWORK Same as --network SLURM_NO_KILL Same as -k, --no-kill SLURM_NTASKS (and SLURM_NPROCS for backwards compatibility) Same as -n, --ntasks SLURM_NTASKS_PER_CORE Same as --ntasks-per-core SLURM_NTASKS_PER_NODE Same as --ntasks-per-node SLURM_NTASKS_PER_SOCKET Same as --ntasks-per-socket SLURM_OPEN_MODE Same as --open-mode SLURM_OVERCOMMIT Same as -O, --overcommit SLURM_PARTITION Same as -p, --partition SLURM_PMI_KVS_NO_DUP_KEYS If set, then PMI key-pairs will contain no dupli- cate keys. MPI can use this variable to inform the PMI library that it will not use duplicate keys so PMI can skip the check for duplicate keys. This is the case for MPICH2 and reduces overhead in testing for duplicates for improved performance SLURM_POWER Same as --power SLURM_PROFILE Same as --profile SLURM_PROLOG Same as --prolog SLURM_QOS Same as --qos SLURM_REMOTE_CWD Same as -D, --chdir= SLURM_REQ_SWITCH When a tree topology is used, this defines the maximum count of switches desired for the job al- location and optionally the maximum time to wait for that number of switches. See --switches SLURM_RESERVATION Same as --reservation SLURM_RESV_PORTS Same as --resv-ports SLURM_SIGNAL Same as --signal SLURM_STDERRMODE Same as -e, --error SLURM_STDINMODE Same as -i, --input SLURM_SPREAD_JOB Same as --spread-job SLURM_SRUN_REDUCE_TASK_EXIT_MSG if set and non-zero, successive task exit mes- sages with the same exit code will be printed only once. SLURM_STEP_GRES Same as --gres (only applies to job steps, not to job allocations). Also see SLURM_GRES SLURM_STEP_KILLED_MSG_NODE_ID=ID If set, only the specified node will log when the job or step are killed by a signal. SLURM_STDOUTMODE Same as -o, --output SLURM_TASK_EPILOG Same as --task-epilog SLURM_TASK_PROLOG Same as --task-prolog SLURM_TEST_EXEC If defined, srun will verify existence of the ex- ecutable program along with user execute permis- sion on the node where srun was called before at- tempting to launch it on nodes in the step. SLURM_THREAD_SPEC Same as --thread-spec SLURM_THREADS Same as -T, --threads SLURM_TIMELIMIT Same as -t, --time SLURM_UNBUFFEREDIO Same as -u, --unbuffered SLURM_USE_MIN_NODES Same as --use-min-nodes SLURM_WAIT Same as -W, --wait SLURM_WAIT4SWITCH Max time waiting for requested switches. See --switches SLURM_WCKEY Same as -W, --wckey SLURM_WORKING_DIR -D, --chdir SRUN_EXPORT_ENV Same as --export, and will override any setting for SLURM_EXPORT_ENV. OUTPUT ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES srun will set some environment variables in the environment of the exe- cuting tasks on the remote compute nodes. These environment variables are: SLURM_*_HET_GROUP_# For a heterogeneous job allocation, the environ- ment variables are set separately for each compo- nent. SLURM_CLUSTER_NAME Name of the cluster on which the job is execut- ing. SLURM_CPU_BIND_VERBOSE --cpu-bind verbosity (quiet,verbose). SLURM_CPU_BIND_TYPE --cpu-bind type (none,rank,map_cpu:,mask_cpu:). SLURM_CPU_BIND_LIST --cpu-bind map or mask list (list of Slurm CPU IDs or masks for this node, CPU_ID = Board_ID x threads_per_board + Socket_ID x threads_per_socket + Core_ID x threads_per_core + Thread_ID). SLURM_CPU_FREQ_REQ Contains the value requested for cpu frequency on the srun command as a numerical frequency in kilohertz, or a coded value for a request of low, medium,highm1 or high for the frequency. See the description of the --cpu-freq option or the SLURM_CPU_FREQ_REQ input environment variable. SLURM_CPUS_ON_NODE Count of processors available to the job on this node. Note the select/linear plugin allocates entire nodes to jobs, so the value indicates the total count of CPUs on the node. For the se- lect/cons_res plugin, this number indicates the number of cores on this node allocated to the job. SLURM_CPUS_PER_GPU Number of CPUs requested per allocated GPU. Only set if the --cpus-per-gpu option is specified. SLURM_CPUS_PER_TASK Number of cpus requested per task. Only set if the --cpus-per-task option is specified. SLURM_DISTRIBUTION Distribution type for the allocated jobs. Set the distribution with -m, --distribution. SLURM_GPUS Number of GPUs requested. Only set if the -G, --gpus option is specified. SLURM_GPU_BIND Requested binding of tasks to GPU. Only set if the --gpu-bind option is specified. SLURM_GPU_FREQ Requested GPU frequency. Only set if the --gpu-freq option is specified. SLURM_GPUS_PER_NODE Requested GPU count per allocated node. Only set if the --gpus-per-node option is specified. SLURM_GPUS_PER_SOCKET Requested GPU count per allocated socket. Only set if the --gpus-per-socket option is specified. SLURM_GPUS_PER_TASK Requested GPU count per allocated task. Only set if the --gpus-per-task option is specified. SLURM_GTIDS Global task IDs running on this node. Zero ori- gin and comma separated. SLURM_JOB_ACCOUNT Account name associated of the job allocation. SLURM_JOB_CPUS_PER_NODE Number of CPUS per node. SLURM_JOB_DEPENDENCY Set to value of the --dependency option. SLURM_JOB_ID (and SLURM_JOBID for backwards compatibility) Job id of the executing job. SLURM_JOB_NAME Set to the value of the --job-name option or the command name when srun is used to create a new job allocation. Not set when srun is used only to create a job step (i.e. within an existing job allocation). SLURM_JOB_PARTITION Name of the partition in which the job is run- ning. SLURM_JOB_QOS Quality Of Service (QOS) of the job allocation. SLURM_JOB_RESERVATION Advanced reservation containing the job alloca- tion, if any. SLURM_LAUNCH_NODE_IPADDR IP address of the node from which the task launch was initiated (where the srun command ran from). SLURM_LOCALID Node local task ID for the process within a job. SLURM_MEM_BIND_LIST --mem-bind map or mask list (<list of IDs or masks for this node>). SLURM_MEM_BIND_PREFER --mem-bind prefer (prefer). SLURM_MEM_BIND_SORT Sort free cache pages (run zonesort on Intel KNL nodes). SLURM_MEM_BIND_TYPE --mem-bind type (none,rank,map_mem:,mask_mem:). SLURM_MEM_BIND_VERBOSE --mem-bind verbosity (quiet,verbose). SLURM_MEM_PER_GPU Requested memory per allocated GPU. Only set if the --mem-per-gpu option is specified. SLURM_JOB_NODES Total number of nodes in the job's resource allo- cation. SLURM_NODE_ALIASES Sets of node name, communication address and hostname for nodes allocated to the job from the cloud. Each element in the set if colon separated and each set is comma separated. For example: SLURM_NODE_ALIASES= ec0:1.2.3.4:foo,ec1:1.2.3.5:bar SLURM_NODEID The relative node ID of the current node. SLURM_JOB_NODELIST List of nodes allocated to the job. SLURM_NTASKS (and SLURM_NPROCS for backwards compatibility) Total number of processes in the current job or job step. SLURM_HET_SIZE Set to count of components in heterogeneous job. SLURM_PRIO_PROCESS The scheduling priority (nice value) at the time of job submission. This value is propagated to the spawned processes. SLURM_PROCID The MPI rank (or relative process ID) of the cur- rent process. SLURM_SRUN_COMM_HOST IP address of srun communication host. SLURM_SRUN_COMM_PORT srun communication port. SLURM_STEP_LAUNCHER_PORT Step launcher port. SLURM_STEP_NODELIST List of nodes allocated to the step. SLURM_STEP_NUM_NODES Number of nodes allocated to the step. SLURM_STEP_NUM_TASKS Number of processes in the job step or whole het- erogeneous job step. SLURM_STEP_TASKS_PER_NODE Number of processes per node within the step. SLURM_STEP_ID (and SLURM_STEPID for backwards compatibility) The step ID of the current job. SLURM_SUBMIT_DIR The directory from which srun was invoked or, if applicable, the directory specified by the -D, --chdir option. SLURM_SUBMIT_HOST The hostname of the computer from which salloc was invoked. SLURM_TASK_PID The process ID of the task being started. SLURM_TASKS_PER_NODE Number of tasks to be initiated on each node. Values are comma separated and in the same order as SLURM_JOB_NODELIST. If two or more consecu- tive nodes are to have the same task count, that count is followed by "(x#)" where "#" is the rep- etition count. For example, "SLURM_TASKS_PER_NODE=2(x3),1" indicates that the first three nodes will each execute two tasks and the fourth node will execute one task. SLURM_TOPOLOGY_ADDR This is set only if the system has the topol- ogy/tree plugin configured. The value will be set to the names network switches which may be involved in the job's communications from the system's top level switch down to the leaf switch and ending with node name. A period is used to separate each hardware component name. SLURM_TOPOLOGY_ADDR_PATTERN This is set only if the system has the topol- ogy/tree plugin configured. The value will be set component types listed in SLURM_TOPOL- OGY_ADDR. Each component will be identified as either "switch" or "node". A period is used to separate each hardware component type. SLURM_UMASK The umask in effect when the job was submitted. SLURMD_NODENAME Name of the node running the task. In the case of a parallel job executing on multiple compute nodes, the various tasks will have this environ- ment variable set to different values on each compute node. SRUN_DEBUG Set to the logging level of the srun command. Default value is 3 (info level). The value is incremented or decremented based upon the --ver- bose and --quiet options. SIGNALS AND ESCAPE SEQUENCES Signals sent to the srun command are automatically forwarded to the tasks it is controlling with a few exceptions. The escape sequence <control-c> will report the state of all tasks associated with the srun command. If <control-c> is entered twice within one second, then the associated SIGINT signal will be sent to all tasks and a termination sequence will be entered sending SIGCONT, SIGTERM, and SIGKILL to all spawned tasks. If a third <control-c> is received, the srun program will be terminated without waiting for remote tasks to exit or their I/O to complete. The escape sequence <control-z> is presently ignored. Our intent is for this put the srun command into a mode where various special actions may be invoked. MPI SUPPORT MPI use depends upon the type of MPI being used. There are three fun- damentally different modes of operation used by these various MPI im- plementation. 1. Slurm directly launches the tasks and performs initialization of communications through the PMI2 or PMIx APIs. For example: "srun -n16 a.out". 2. Slurm creates a resource allocation for the job and then mpirun launches tasks using Slurm's infrastructure (OpenMPI). 3. Slurm creates a resource allocation for the job and then mpirun launches tasks using some mechanism other than Slurm, such as SSH or RSH. These tasks are initiated outside of Slurm's monitoring or con- trol. Slurm's epilog should be configured to purge these tasks when the job's allocation is relinquished, or the use of pam_slurm_adopt is highly recommended. See https://slurm.schedmd.com/mpi_guide.html for more information on use of these various MPI implementation with Slurm. MULTIPLE PROGRAM CONFIGURATION Comments in the configuration file must have a "#" in column one. The configuration file contains the following fields separated by white space: Task rank One or more task ranks to use this configuration. Multiple val- ues may be comma separated. Ranges may be indicated with two numbers separated with a '-' with the smaller number first (e.g. "0-4" and not "4-0"). To indicate all tasks not otherwise spec- ified, specify a rank of '*' as the last line of the file. If an attempt is made to initiate a task for which no executable program is defined, the following error message will be produced "No executable program specified for this task". Executable The name of the program to execute. May be fully qualified pathname if desired. Arguments Program arguments. The expression "%t" will be replaced with the task's number. The expression "%o" will be replaced with the task's offset within this range (e.g. a configured task rank value of "1-5" would have offset values of "0-4"). Single quotes may be used to avoid having the enclosed values inter- preted. This field is optional. Any arguments for the program entered on the command line will be added to the arguments spec- ified in the configuration file. For example: ################################################################### # srun multiple program configuration file # # srun -n8 -l --multi-prog silly.conf ################################################################### 4-6 hostname 1,7 echo task:%t 0,2-3 echo offset:%o > srun -n8 -l --multi-prog silly.conf 0: offset:0 1: task:1 2: offset:1 3: offset:2 4: linux15.llnl.gov 5: linux16.llnl.gov 6: linux17.llnl.gov 7: task:7 EXAMPLES This simple example demonstrates the execution of the command hostname in eight tasks. At least eight processors will be allocated to the job (the same as the task count) on however many nodes are required to sat- isfy the request. The output of each task will be proceeded with its task number. (The machine "dev" in the example below has a total of two CPUs per node) > srun -n8 -l hostname 0: dev0 1: dev0 2: dev1 3: dev1 4: dev2 5: dev2 6: dev3 7: dev3 The srun -r option is used within a job script to run two job steps on disjoint nodes in the following example. The script is run using allo- cate mode instead of as a batch job in this case. > cat test.sh #!/bin/sh echo $SLURM_JOB_NODELIST srun -lN2 -r2 hostname srun -lN2 hostname > salloc -N4 test.sh dev[7-10] 0: dev9 1: dev10 0: dev7 1: dev8 The following script runs two job steps in parallel within an allocated set of nodes. > cat test.sh #!/bin/bash srun -lN2 -n4 -r 2 sleep 60 & srun -lN2 -r 0 sleep 60 & sleep 1 squeue squeue -s wait > salloc -N4 test.sh JOBID PARTITION NAME USER ST TIME NODES NODELIST 65641 batch test.sh grondo R 0:01 4 dev[7-10] STEPID PARTITION USER TIME NODELIST 65641.0 batch grondo 0:01 dev[7-8] 65641.1 batch grondo 0:01 dev[9-10] This example demonstrates how one executes a simple MPI job. We use srun to build a list of machines (nodes) to be used by mpirun in its required format. A sample command line and the script to be executed follow. > cat test.sh #!/bin/sh MACHINEFILE="nodes.$SLURM_JOB_ID" # Generate Machinefile for mpi such that hosts are in the same # order as if run via srun # srun -l /bin/hostname | sort -n | awk '{print $2}' > $MACHINEFILE # Run using generated Machine file: mpirun -np $SLURM_NTASKS -machinefile $MACHINEFILE mpi-app rm $MACHINEFILE > salloc -N2 -n4 test.sh This simple example demonstrates the execution of different jobs on different nodes in the same srun. You can do this for any number of nodes or any number of jobs. The executables are placed on the nodes sited by the SLURM_NODEID env var. Starting at 0 and going to the num- ber specified on the srun commandline. > cat test.sh case $SLURM_NODEID in 0) echo "I am running on " hostname ;; 1) hostname echo "is where I am running" ;; esac > srun -N2 test.sh dev0 is where I am running I am running on dev1 This example demonstrates use of multi-core options to control layout of tasks. We request that four sockets per node and two cores per socket be dedicated to the job. > srun -N2 -B 4-4:2-2 a.out This example shows a script in which Slurm is used to provide resource management for a job by executing the various job steps as processors become available for their dedicated use. > cat my.script #!/bin/bash srun --exclusive -n4 prog1 & srun --exclusive -n3 prog2 & srun --exclusive -n1 prog3 & srun --exclusive -n1 prog4 & wait This example shows how to launch an application called "master" with one task, 8 CPUs and and 16 GB of memory (2 GB per CPU) plus another application called "slave" with 16 tasks, 1 CPU per task (the default) and 1 GB of memory per task. > srun -n1 -c16 --mem-per-cpu=1gb master : -n16 --mem-per-cpu=1gb slave COPYING Copyright (C) 2006-2007 The Regents of the University of California. Produced at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (cf, DISCLAIMER). Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Lawrence Livermore National Security. Copyright (C) 2010-2015 SchedMD LLC. This file is part of Slurm, a resource management program. For de- tails, see <https://slurm.schedmd.com/>. Slurm is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your op- tion) any later version. Slurm is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. SEE ALSO salloc(1), sattach(1), sbatch(1), sbcast(1), scancel(1), scontrol(1), squeue(1), slurm.conf(5), sched_setaffinity (2), numa (3) getrlimit (2) March 2020 Slurm Commands srun(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | EXECUTABLE PATH RESOLUTION | OPTIONS | PERFORMANCE | INPUT ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | OUTPUT ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | SIGNALS AND ESCAPE SEQUENCES | MPI SUPPORT | MULTIPLE PROGRAM CONFIGURATION | EXAMPLES | COPYING | SEE ALSO
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