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WI(4) BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual WI(4) NAME wi -- Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM and Spectrum24 IEEE 802.11 driver SYNOPSIS To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following lines in your kernel configuration file: device wi device wlan Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the following line in loader.conf(5): if_wi_load="YES" DESCRIPTION The wi driver provides support for wireless network adapters based around the Lucent Hermes, Intersil PRISM-II, Intersil PRISM-2.5, Intersil Prism-3, and Symbol Spectrum24 chipsets. All five chipsets provide a similar interface to the driver. Supported features include 802.11 and 802.3 frames, power management, BSS, IBSS, WDS and old-style Lucent ad-hoc operation modes. Cards based on the Intersil PRISM chips also support a host-based access point mode which allows a card to act as a normal access point (with some assistance from the wi driver). The Lucent Hermes and Symbol Spectrum24 chipsets do not contain this functionality. The PRISM family of chips do not support the WDS functionality. All host/device interaction is via programmed I/O, even on those cards that support a DMA interface. The wi driver encapsulates all IP and ARP traffic as 802.11 frames, how- ever it can receive either 802.11 or 802.3 frames. Transmit speed is se- lectable between 1Mbps, 2Mbps, 5.5 Mbps and 11Mbps depending on your hardware. Most hardware supports 11Mbps where the signal quality allows, but falls back to slower speeds when it does not. Except for the Lucent WaveLAN Bronze cards, all cards supported by the wi driver support WEP for encryption. To enable encryption, use ifconfig(8) as shown below. By default, the wi driver configures the card for BSS operation (aka in- frastructure mode). This mode requires the use of an access point (base station). The wi driver also supports a point-to-point mode where stations can com- municate amongst themselves without the aid of an access point. Note that there are two possible point-to-point modes. One mode, referred to as "ad-hoc demo mode", or "legacy Lucent ad-hoc mode", predates the IEEE 802.11 specification and so may not interoperate with cards from differ- ent vendors. The standardized point-to-point mode is called IBSS (or confusingly just ad-hoc mode), but is not supported by cards with very old firmware revisions. If your cards supports IBSS mode, it is recom- mended that you use it in preference to the "ad-hoc demo mode" in new in- stallations. Cards supported by the driver based on the Intersil PRISM family of chips also have a host-based access point mode which allows the card to act as an access point (base station). Access points are different than operat- ing in IBSS mode. They operate in BSS mode. They allow for easier roam- ing and bridge all Ethernet traffic such that machines connected via an access point appear to be on the local Ethernet segment. For more information on configuring this device, see ifconfig(8). Cards supported by the wi driver come in a variety of packages, though the most common are of the PCMCIA type. In many cases, the PCI version of a wireless card is simply a PCMCIA card bundled with a PCI adapter. The PCI adapters come in two flavors: true PCMCIA bridges and dumb PCMCIA bridges. A true PCMCIA bridge (such as those sold by Lucent) will attach as a real PCMCIA controller. The wireless card will then attach to the PCMCIA bus. Wireless cards in PCMCIA slots may be inserted and ejected on the fly. A dumb bridge, on the other hand, does not show up as a true PCMCIA bus. The wireless card will simply appear to the host as a normal PCI device and will not require any PCMCIA support. Cards in this type of adapter should only be removed when the machine is powered down. The following cards are among those supported by the wi driver: Card Chip Bus 3Com AirConnect 3CRWE737A Spectrum24 PCMCIA 3Com AirConnect 3CRWE777A Prism-II PCI Accton airDirect WN3301 PCMCIA ACTIONTEC HWC01170 Prism-2.5 PCMCIA Adaptech ANW-8030 Prism-3 PCMCIA Addtron AWP-100 Prism-II PCMCIA Adtec Adlink/340C Prism-II PCMCIA Airvast WN 100 Prism-3 PCMCIA Airway 802.11 Adapter PCMCIA Agere Orinoco Hermes PCMCIA Allied Telesis WR211PCM Prism-II PCMCIA ArTem OnAir Prism? PCMCIA Asus WL100 Prism-2.5 PCMCIA Avaya Wireless Prism-II PCMCIA Bay eMobility 11B Prism-2.5? PCMCIA Blue Concentric Circle WL-379F Prism-II CF BreezeNet Wireless Prism-II PCMCIA Buffalo WLI-PCM-S11 Prism-II PCMCIA Buffalo WLI-PCM-L11G Hermes PCMCIA Buffalo WLI-CF-S11G Prism-II CF Buffalo WLI2-CF-S11G Prism 2.5 CF Cabletron RoamAbout Hermes PCMCIA Compaq Agency NC5004 Prism-II PCMCIA Compaq WL100 Prism-II PCMCIA Compaq WL110 Hermes PCMCIA Compaq WL200 Prism-II PCMCIA Contec FLEXLAN/FX-DS110-PCC Prism-II PCMCIA Corega PCC-11 Prism-II PCMCIA Corega PCCA-11 Prism-II PCMCIA Corega PCCB-11 Prism-II PCMCIA Corega CGWLPCIA11 Prism-II PCI Dell TrueMobile 1150 Hermes PCMCIA Dlink Air 660 Prism-II PCMCIA Dlink DWL520 Prism-2.5 PCI Dlink DWL650 Prism-2.5 PCMCIA ELECOM Air@Hawk/LD-WL11/PCC PCMCIA ELSA MC-11 PCMCIA ELSA XI300 Prism-II PCMCIA ELSA XI800 Prism-II CF EMTAC A2424i Prism-II PCMCIA Ericsson Wireless LAN CARD C11 Spectrum24 PCMCIA Farallon Skyline Prism-II PCMCIA Gemtek WL-311 Prism-2.5 PCMCIA Hawking Technology WE110P Prism-2.5 PCMCIA Home Wireless Networks Prism-II PCMCIA IBM High Rate Wireless Hermes PCMCIA ICOM SL-1100 Prism-II PCMCIA I-O DATA WN-B11/PCM Prism-II PCMCIA Intel PRO/Wireless 2011 Spectrum24 PCMCIA Intersil Prism II Prism-II PCMCIA Intersil Mini-PCI Prism-2.5 PCI Intersil ISL37100P Prism-3 PCMCIA Intersil ISL37110P Prism-3 PCMCIA Intersil ISL37300P Prism-3 PCMCIA Laneed Wireless PCMCIA Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11 Prism-II PCMCIA Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11 2.5 Prism-2.5 PCMCIA Linksys Instant Wireless WPC11 3.0 Prism-3 PCMCIA Linksys WCF11 Prism-3 PCMCIA Linksys WCF12 Prism-3 CF Lucent WaveLAN Hermes PCMCIA Melco Airconnect Prism-II PCMCIA Microsoft MN-520 WLAN Prism-II PCMCIA NANOSPEED ROOT-RZ2000 Prism-II PCMCIA NCR WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11 PCMCIA NDC/Sohoware NCP130 Prism-II PCI NEC CMZ-RT-WP Prism-II PCMCIA NEC PK-WL001 Lucent PCMCIA NEC PC-WL/11C Prism-II PCMCIA Netgear MA311 Prism-2.5 PCI Netgear MA401 Prism-II/2.5 PCMCIA Netgear MA401RA Prism-II PCMCIA Netgear MA701 Prism-II CF NOKIA C020 WLAN Prism-II PCMCIA NOKIA C110 WLAN Prism-2.5 PCMCIA NTT-ME 11Mbps Wireless LAN Prism-II PCMCIA Planex GeoWave/GW-NS110 Prism-II PCMCIA Planex GW-NS11H Prism-II PCMCIA Proxim Harmony Prism-II PCMCIA Proxim RangeLAN-DS Prism-II PCMCIA Samsung MagicLAN SWL-2000N Prism-II PCMCIA SENAO SL-2511CD Prism-3 PCMCIA Siemens SpeedStream SS1021 Prism-II PCMCIA SMC 2602 EZ Connect (3.3V) Prism-II PCI or PCMCIA SMC 2632 EZ Connect Prism-II PCMCIA Socket Low Power WLAN-CF Prism-II CF Sony PCWA-C100 Lucent PCMCIA Sony PEGA-WL110 Prism-2.5 PCMCIA Symbol Spectrum24 Spectrum24 PCMCIA Symbol LA-4100 Spectrum24 CF TDK LAK-CD011WL Prism-II PCMCIA Toshiba Wireless LAN Card Prism-II PCMCIA U.S. Robotics Wireless Card 2410 Prism-II PCMCIA YIS YWL-11B Prism-II PCMCIA Several vendors sell PCI adapters built around the PLX Technology 9050 or 9052 chip. The following such adapters are supported or expected to work: 3Com AirConnect 3CRWE777A (3.3V) Belkin F5D6000 (a rebadged WL11000P) Eumitcom WL11000P Global Sun Technology GL24110P (untested) Global Sun Technology GL24110P02 LinkSys WDT11 (a rebadged GL24110P02) Netgear MA301 US Robotics 2415 (rebadged WL11000P) Wisecom Wireless LAN PCI Adapter The following adapters have the same model numbers as those listed above, but might not work if the actual card is after the change away from the Prism family: DLink DWL520 EXAMPLES Join an existing BSS network (ie: connect to an access point): ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00 Join a specific BSS network with network name "my_net": ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net Join a specific BSS network with WEP encryption: ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \ wepmode on wepkey 0x8736639624 Join a Lucent legacy demo ad-hoc network with network name "my_net": ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \ media DS/11Mbps mediaopt adhoc,link0 Join/create an IBSS network with network name "my_net": ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.22 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net \ media DS/11Mbps mediaopt adhoc Create a host-based access point (Prism only): ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_ap \ media DS/11Mbps mediaopt hostap Create a host-based access point with WEP enabled (Prism only): ifconfig wi0 inet 192.168.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_ap \ wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890 media DS/11Mbps \ mediaopt hostap Create a host-based wireless bridge to fxp0 (Prism only): ifconfig wi0 inet up ssid my_ap media DS/11Mbps mediaopt hostap sysctl net.inet.ip.check_interface=0 ifconfig bridge0 create ifconfig bridge0 addm wi0 addm fxp0 up This will give you the same functionality as an access point. DIAGNOSTICS wi%d: init failed The WaveLAN card failed to become ready after an ini- tialization command was issued. wi%d: failed to allocate %d bytes on NIC The driver was unable to allo- cate memory for transmit frames in the NIC's on-board RAM. This can also be an indication of an incorrectly configured interrupt. wi%d: device timeout The WaveLAN card failed to generate an interrupt to acknowledge a transmit command. SEE ALSO altq(4), an(4), arp(4), ath(4), card(4), netintro(4), pccard(4), pccbb(4), pcic(4), wlan(4), ifconfig(8), wicontrol(8) HCF Light programming specification, http://www.wavelan.com. HISTORY The wi device driver first appeared in FreeBSD 3.0. AUTHORS The wi driver was written by Bill Paul <wpaul@ctr.columbia.edu>. This man page comes from OpenBSD. CAVEATS Different regulatory domains have different default channels for adhoc mode. See ifconfig(8) for information on how to change the channel. See wicontrol(8) for information on different regulatory domains. The Intersil Prism family of chips' host-based access point mode has bugs for station firmware versions prior to 0.8.3. The driver currently pre- cludes hostap functionality with older station firmware. The best ver- sion of the station firmware for the Prism family of chips seems to be 1.4.9. Some users of Prism-II and 2.5 based cards report that station firmware version 1.3.4 works better for them in hostap than 1.4.9. Older versions of the Prism station firmware have a number of issues with hostap mode. The IBSS/adhoc mode appears to work well on station firmware 1.3.1 and later. The IBSS/adhoc mode appears to have problems for some people with older versions of station firmware. Lucent cards prior to firmware version 6.0.6 do not support IBSS mode. These cards support only the pre-802.11 mode known as "demo ad-hoc mode" which does not interoperate with stations in IBSS mode. Prism cards prior to version 0.8.0 do not support IBSS mode. Symbol cards prior to version 2.50.00 do not support IBSS mode. BUGS Not all the new messages are documented here, and many of them are indi- cations of transient errors that are not indications of serious problems. WL200 PCI wireless cards are based on a Cirrus Logic CL-PD6729 bridge chips glued to an Intersil Prism-II PCMCIA chipset w/o the PC Card form factor being present. These chips are special and require special care to use properly. One must set hw.pcic.pd6729_intr_path="2" in /boot/loader.conf. This tells the PC Card system to use PCI interrupts for this odd beast. It is not possible to know automatically which kind of interrupts to use. OLDCARD devices (pcic(4) and card(4)) support this device. NEWCARD devices (pccbb(4) and pccard(4)) do not support it at this time. BSD July 16, 2005 BSD
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | EXAMPLES | DIAGNOSTICS | SEE ALSO | HISTORY | AUTHORS | CAVEATS | BUGS
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