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WRITE(2) BSD System Calls Manual WRITE(2) NAME write, writev, pwrite -- write output LIBRARY Standard C Library (libc, -lc) SYNOPSIS #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/uio.h> #include <unistd.h> ssize_t write(int d, const void *buf, size_t nbytes); ssize_t writev(int d, const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt); ssize_t pwrite(int d, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, off_t offset); DESCRIPTION Write() attempts to write nbytes of data to the object referenced by the descriptor d from the buffer pointed to by buf. Writev() performs the same action, but gathers the output data from the iovcnt buffers speci- fied by the members of the iov array: iov[0], iov[1], ..., iov[iovcnt-1]. Pwrite() performs the same function, but writes to the specified position in the file without modifying the file pointer. For writev(), the iovec structure is defined as: struct iovec { char *iov_base; /* Base address. */ size_t iov_len; /* Length. */ }; Each iovec entry specifies the base address and length of an area in mem- ory from which data should be written. Writev() will always write a com- plete area before proceeding to the next. On objects capable of seeking, the write() starts at a position given by the pointer associated with d, see lseek(2). Upon return from write(), the pointer is incremented by the number of bytes which were written. Objects that are not capable of seeking always write from the current po- sition. The value of the pointer associated with such an object is unde- fined. If the real user is not the super-user, then write() clears the set-user- id bit on a file. This prevents penetration of system security by a user who "captures" a writable set-user-id file owned by the super-user. When using non-blocking I/O on objects such as sockets that are subject to flow control, write() and writev() may write fewer bytes than re- quested; the return value must be noted, and the remainder of the opera- tion should be retried when possible. RETURN VALUES Upon successful completion the number of bytes which were written is re- turned. Otherwise a -1 is returned and the global variable errno is set to indicate the error. ERRORS Write(), writev(), and pwrite() will fail and the file pointer will re- main unchanged if: [EBADF] D is not a valid descriptor open for writing. [EPIPE] An attempt is made to write to a pipe that is not open for reading by any process. [EPIPE] An attempt is made to write to a socket of type SOCK_STREAM that is not connected to a peer socket. [EFBIG] An attempt was made to write a file that exceeds the process's file size limit or the maximum file size. [EFAULT] Part of iov or data to be written to the file points outside the process's allocated address space. [EINVAL] The pointer associated with d was negative. [ENOSPC] There is no free space remaining on the file system containing the file. [EDQUOT] The user's quota of disk blocks on the file system containing the file has been exhausted. [EIO] An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. [EINTR] A signal interrupted the write before it could be com- pleted. [EAGAIN] The file was marked for non-blocking I/O, and no data could be written immediately. [EROFS] An attempt was made to write over a disk label area at the beginning of a disk. Use disklabel(8) -W to en- able writing on the disk label area. In addition, writev() may return one of the following errors: [EDESTADDRREQ] The destination is no longer available when writing to a UNIX domain datagram socket on which connect(2) had been used to set a destination address. [EINVAL] Iovcnt was less than or equal to 0, or greater than UIO_MAXIOV. [EINVAL] One of the iov_len values in the iov array was nega- tive. [EINVAL] The sum of the iov_len values in the iov array over- flowed a 32-bit integer. [ENOBUFS] The mbuf pool has been completely exhausted when writ- ing to a socket. The pwrite() call may also return the following errors: [EINVAL] The specified file offset is invalid. [ESPIPE] The file descriptor is associated with a pipe, socket, or FIFO. SEE ALSO fcntl(2), lseek(2), open(2), pipe(2), select(2) STANDARDS The write() function call is expected to conform to ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990 ("POSIX.1"). The writev() and pwrite() functions are expected to conform to X/Open Portability Guide Issue 4, Version 2 ("XPG4.2"). HISTORY The pwrite() function call appeared in AT&T System V Release 4 UNIX. The writev() function call appeared in 4.2BSD. A write() function call ap- peared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX. BSD April 2, 1994 BSD
NAME | LIBRARY | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUES | ERRORS | SEE ALSO | STANDARDS | HISTORY
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