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NETSTAT(1) General Commands Manual NETSTAT(1) NAME netstat -- show network status and statistics SYNOPSIS netstat [-j jail] [--libxo] [-46AaCLnPRSTWx] [-f protocol_family | -p protocol] netstat -i | -I interface [-j jail] [--libxo] [-46abdhnW] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system] netstat -w wait [-j jail] [--libxo] [-I interface] [-46d] [-M core] [-N system] [-q howmany] netstat -s [-j jail] [--libxo] [-46sz] [-f protocol_family | -p protocol] [-M core] [-N system] netstat -i | -I interface -s [-j jail] [--libxo] [-46s] [-f protocol_family | -p protocol] [-M core] [-N system] netstat -m [-j jail] [--libxo] [-M core] [-N system] netstat -B [-j jail] [--libxo] [-z] [-I interface] netstat -r [-j jail] [--libxo] [-46nW] [-F fibnum] [-f address_family] netstat -rs [-j jail] [--libxo] [-s] [-M core] [-N system] netstat -g [-j jail] [--libxo] [-46W] [-F fibnum] [-f address_family] netstat -gs [-j jail] [--libxo] [-46s] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system] netstat -Q [-j jail] [--libxo] netstat -o -4 | -6 netstat -O -4 | -6 DESCRIPTION The netstat command shows the contents of various network-related data structures. The arguments passed determine which of the below output for- mats the command uses. netstat [-46AaCLnRSTWx] [-f protocol_family | -p protocol] [-j jail] Display a list of active sockets (protocol control blocks) for each network protocol. The default display for active sockets shows the local and remote addresses, send and receive queue sizes (in bytes), protocol, and the internal state of the protocol. Address formats are of the form "host.port" or "network.port" if a socket's address specifies a network but no specific host address. When known, the host and network addresses are displayed symbolically according to the data- bases hosts(5) and networks(5), respectively. If a symbolic name for an address is unknown, or if the -n option is specified, the address is printed numerically, according to the address family. For more information regarding the Internet IPv4 "dot format", re- fer to inet(3). Unspecified, or "wildcard", addresses and ports appear as "*". --libxo Generate output via libxo(3) in a selection of different human and machine readable formats. See xo_options(7) for details on command line arguments. -4 Show IPv4 only. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -6 Show IPv6 only. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -A Show the address of a protocol control block (PCB) associ- ated with a socket; used for debugging. -a Show the state of all sockets; normally sockets used by server processes are not shown. -c Show the used TCP stack for each session. -C Show the congestion control algorithm and diagnostic infor- mation of TCP sockets. -L Show the size of the various listen queues. The first count shows the number of unaccepted connections, the sec- ond count shows the amount of unaccepted incomplete connec- tions, and the third count is the maximum number of queued connections. -n Do not resolve numeric addresses and port numbers to names. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -P Display the log ID for each socket. -R Display the flowid and flowtype for each socket. flowid is a 32 bit hardware specific identifier for each flow. flow- type defines which protocol fields are hashed to produce the id. A complete listing is available in sys/mbuf.h un- der M_HASHTYPE_*. -S Show network addresses as numbers (as with -n) but show ports symbolically. -T Display diagnostic information from the TCP control block. Fields include the number of packets requiring retransmis- sion, received out-of-order, and those advertising a zero- sized window. -W Avoid truncating addresses even if this causes some fields to overflow. -x Display socket buffer and TCP timer statistics for each in- ternet socket. The -x flag causes netstat to output all the information recorded about data stored in the socket buffers. The fields are: R-HIWA Receive buffer high water mark, in bytes. S-HIWA Send buffer high water mark, in bytes. R-LOWA Receive buffer low water mark, in bytes. S-LOWA Send buffer low water mark, in bytes. R-BCNT Receive buffer byte count. S-BCNT Send buffer byte count. R-BMAX Maximum bytes that can be used in the receive buffer. S-BMAX Maximum bytes that can be used in the send buffer. rexmt Time, in seconds, to fire Retransmit Timer, or 0 if not armed. persist Time, in seconds, to fire Retransmit Persistence, or 0 if not armed. keep Time, in seconds, to fire Keep Alive, or 0 if not armed. 2msl Time, in seconds, to fire 2*msl TIME_WAIT Timer, or 0 if not armed. delack Time, in seconds, to fire Delayed ACK Timer, or 0 if not armed. rcvtime Time, in seconds, since last packet received. -f protocol_family Filter by protocol_family. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -p protocol Filter by protocol. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -j jail Run inside a jail. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". netstat -i | -I interface [-46abdhnW] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system] [-j jail] Show the state of all network interfaces or a single interface which have been auto-configured (interfaces statically configured into a system, but not located at boot time are not shown). An as- terisk ("*") after an interface name indicates that the interface is "down". When netstat is invoked with -i (all interfaces) or -I interface, it provides a table of cumulative statistics regarding packets transferred, errors, and collisions. The network addresses of the interface and the maximum transmission unit ("mtu") are also dis- played. If both -i and -I are specified, -I overrides any in- stances of -i. -4 Show IPv4 only. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -6 Show IPv6 only. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -a Multicast addresses currently in use are shown for each Ethernet interface and for each IP interface address. Mul- ticast addresses are shown on separate lines following the interface address with which they are associated. -b Show the number of bytes in and out. -d Show the number of dropped output packets. -h Print all counters in human readable form. -n Do not resolve numeric addresses and port numbers to names. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -W Avoid truncating addresses even if this causes some fields to overflow. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". However, in most cases field widths are determined automatically with the -i option, and this option has little effect. -f protocol_family Filter by protocol_family. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -j jail Run inside a jail. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". netstat -w wait [-I interface] [-46d] [-M core] [-N system] [-q howmany] [-j jail] At intervals of wait seconds, display the information regarding packet traffic on all configured network interfaces, or a single interface if -I is specified. An obsolescent version of this option used a numeric parameter with no option, and is currently supported for backward compatibility. -I interface Only show information regarding interface -4 Show IPv4 only. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -6 Show IPv6 only. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -d Show the number of dropped output packets. -M Use an alternative core. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -N Use an alternative kernel image. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -q Exit after howmany outputs. A value of zero indicates no limit, and is the default. -j jail Run inside a jail. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". netstat -o -4 | -6 Print nexthop (nhops) information associated with routing entries. When used with -4 or -6, limit the output to IPv4 or IPv6 routes respectively. This option provides details about individual nex- thop addresses used in routing decisions. netstat -O -4 | -6 Print nexthop groups (nhgrp) information associated with routing entries. When used with -4 or -6, restrict the output to IPv4 or IPv6 nexthop groups respectively. This option shows grouped nex- thop entries for multipath or load-balanced routing setups. netstat -s [-46sz] [-f protocol_family | -p protocol] [-M core] [-N system] [-j jail] Display system-wide statistics for each network protocol. -4 Show IPv4 only. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -6 Show IPv6 only. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -s If -s is repeated, counters with a value of zero are sup- pressed. -z Reset statistic counters after displaying them. -f protocol_family Filter by protocol_family. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -p protocol Filter by protocol. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -M Use an alternative core. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -N Use an alternative kernel image See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -j jail Run inside a jail. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". netstat -i | -I interface -s [-46s] [-f protocol_family | -p protocol] [-M core] [-N system] [-j jail] Display per-interface statistics for each network protocol. If both -i and -I are specified, -I overrides any instances of -i. -4 Show IPv4 only See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -6 Show IPv6 only See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -s If -s is repeated, counters with a value of zero are sup- pressed. -f protocol_family Filter by protocol_family. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -p protocol Filter by protocol. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -M Use an alternative core See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -N Use an alternative kernel image See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -j jail Run inside a jail. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". netstat -m [-M core] [-N system] [-j jail] Show statistics recorded by the memory management routines (mbuf(9)). The network manages a private pool of memory buffers. -M Use an alternative core See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -N Use an alternative kernel image See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -j jail Run inside a jail. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". netstat -B [-z] [-I interface] [-j jail] Show statistics about bpf(4) peers. This includes information like how many packets have been matched, dropped and received by the bpf device, also information about current buffer sizes and device states. The bpf(4) flags displayed when netstat is invoked with the -B op- tion represent the underlying parameters of the bpf peer. Each flag is represented as a single lower case letter. The mapping be- tween the letters and flags in order of appearance are: p Set if listening promiscuously i BIOCIMMEDIATE has been set on the device f BIOCGHDRCMPLT status: source link addresses are being filled automatically s BIOCGSEESENT status: see packets originating locally and re- motely on the interface. a Packet reception generates a signal l BIOCLOCK status: descriptor has been locked For more information about these flags, please refer to bpf(4). -z Reset statistic counters after displaying them. -j jail Run inside a jail. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". netstat -r [-46AnW] [-F fibnum] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system] [-j jail] Display the contents of routing tables. When netstat is invoked with the routing table option -r, it lists the available routes and their status. Each route consists of a destination host or network, and a gateway to use in forwarding packets. The flags field shows a collection of information about the route stored as binary choices. The individual flags are dis- cussed in more detail in the route(8) and route(4) manual pages. The mapping between letters and flags is: 1 RTF_PROTO1 Protocol specific routing flag #1 2 RTF_PROTO2 Protocol specific routing flag #2 3 RTF_PROTO3 Protocol specific routing flag #3 B RTF_BLACKHOLE Just discard pkts (during updates) b RTF_BROADCAST The route represents a broadcast address D RTF_DYNAMIC Created dynamically (by redirect) G RTF_GATEWAY Destination requires forwarding by intermedi- ary H RTF_HOST Host entry (net otherwise) L RTF_LLINFO Valid protocol to link address translation M RTF_MODIFIED Modified dynamically (by redirect) R RTF_REJECT Host or net unreachable S RTF_STATIC Manually added U RTF_UP Route usable X RTF_XRESOLVE External daemon translates proto to link ad- dress Direct routes are created for each interface attached to the local host; the gateway field for such entries shows the address of the outgoing interface. The refcnt field gives the current number of active uses of the route. Connection oriented protocols normally hold on to a single route for the duration of a connection while connectionless protocols obtain a route while sending to the same destination. The use field provides a count of the number of pack- ets sent using that route. The interface entry indicates the net- work interface utilized for the route. -4 Show IPv4 only. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -6 Show IPv6 only. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -n Do not resolve numeric addresses and port numbers to names. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -W Show the path MTU for each route, and print interface names with a wider field size. -F Display the routing table with the number fibnum. If the specified fibnum is -1 or -F is not specified, the default routing table is displayed. -f Display the routing table for a particular address_family. -M Use an alternative core See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -N Use an alternative kernel image See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -j jail Run inside a jail. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". netstat -rs [-s] [-M core] [-N system] [-j jail] Display routing statistics. -s If -s is repeated, counters with a value of zero are sup- pressed. -M Use an alternative core See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -N Use an alternative kernel image See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -j jail Run inside a jail. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". netstat -g [-46W] [-F fibnum] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system] [-j jail] Display the contents of the multicast virtual interface tables, and multicast forwarding caches. Entries in these tables will appear only when the kernel is actively forwarding multicast sessions. This option is applicable only to the inet and inet6 address fami- lies. -4 Show IPv4 only See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -6 Show IPv6 only See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -W Avoid truncating addresses even if this causes some fields to overflow. -F Display the routing table with the number fibnum. If the specified fibnum is -1 or -F is not specified, the default routing table is displayed. -f protocol_family Filter by protocol_family. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -M Use an alternative core See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -N Use an alternative kernel image See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -j jail Run inside a jail. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". netstat -gs [-46s] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system] [-j jail] Show multicast routing statistics. -4 Show IPv4 only See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -6 Show IPv6 only See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -s If -s is repeated, counters with a value of zero are sup- pressed. -f protocol_family Filter by protocol_family. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -M Use an alternative core See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -N Use an alternative kernel image See "GENERAL OPTIONS". -j jail Run inside a jail. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". netstat -Q [-j jail] Show netisr(9) statistics. The flags field shows available ISR handlers: C NETISR_SNP_FLAGS_M2CPUID Able to map mbuf to cpu id D NETISR_SNP_FLAGS_DRAINEDCPU Has queue drain handler F NETISR_SNP_FLAGS_M2FLOW Able to map mbuf to flow id -j jail Run inside a jail. See "GENERAL OPTIONS". GENERAL OPTIONS Some options have the general meaning: -4 Is shorthand for -f inet (Show only IPv4) -6 Is shorthand for -f inet6 (Show only IPv6) -f address_family, -p protocol Limit display to those records of the specified address_family or a single protocol. The following address families and protocols are recognized: Family Protocols inet (AF_INET) divert, icmp, igmp, ip, ipsec, pim, sctp, tcp, udp inet6 (AF_INET6) icmp6, ip6, ipsec6, rip6, sctp, tcp, udp pfkey (PF_KEY) pfkey netgraph, ng (AF_NETGRAPH) ctrl, data unix (AF_UNIX) link (AF_LINK) The program will complain if protocol is unknown or if there is no statistics routine for it. -M Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core instead of the default /dev/kmem. -N Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the de- fault, which is the kernel image the system has booted from. -n Show network addresses and ports as numbers. Normally netstat at- tempts to resolve addresses and ports, and display them symbolically. Specifying -n twice will also disable printing the keyword "default" for the default IPv4 and IPv6 routes when displaying contents of routing tables. -W Wider output; expand address fields, etc, to avoid truncation. Non- numeric values such as domain names may still be truncated; use the -n option if necessary to avoid ambiguity. -j jail Perform the actions inside the jail. This allows network state to be accessed even if the netstat binary is not available in the jail. EXAMPLES Show packet traffic information (packets, bytes, errors, packet drops, etc) for interface re0 updated every 2 seconds and exit after 5 outputs: netstat -w 2 -q 5 -I re0 Show statistics for ICMP on any interface: netstat -s -p icmp Show routing tables: netstat -r Same as above, but without resolving numeric addresses and port numbers to names: netstat -rn Show IPv4 listening sockets: netstat -4l SEE ALSO fstat(1), nfsstat(1), procstat(1), ps(1), sockstat(1), libxo(3), xo_op- tions(7), bpf(4), inet(4), route(4), unix(4), hosts(5), networks(5), proto- cols(5), services(5), iostat(8), route(8), vmstat(8), mbuf(9) HISTORY The netstat command appeared in 4.2BSD. IPv6 support was added by WIDE/KAME project. BUGS The notion of errors is ill-defined. FreeBSD ports 15.quarterly April 7, 2026 NETSTAT(1)
NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | HISTORY | BUGS
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