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RC.SUBR(8)		    System Manager's Manual		    RC.SUBR(8)

NAME
       rc.subr -- functions used by system shell scripts

SYNOPSIS
       . /etc/rc.subr

       backup_file action file current backup
       checkyesno var
       check_pidfile pidfile procname [interpreter]
       check_process procname [interpreter]
       debug message
       err exitval message
       force_depend name
       info message
       load_kld	[-e regex] [-m module] file
       load_rc_config [service]
       load_rc_config_var name var
       mount_critical_filesystems type
       rc_usage	command	...
       reverse_list item ...
       run_rc_command argument
       run_rc_script file argument
       startmsg	[-n] message
       wait_for_pids [pid ...]
       warn message

DESCRIPTION
       The  rc.subr  script  contains commonly used shell script functions and
       variable	definitions which are used by various scripts such  as	rc(8).
       Scripts	required  by ports in /usr/local/etc/rc.d will also eventually
       be rewritten to make use	of it.

       The rc.subr functions were mostly imported from NetBSD.

       They are	accessed by sourcing /etc/rc.subr into the current shell.

       The following shell functions are available:

       backup_file action file current backup
	     Make a backup copy	of file	into current.  Save the	previous  ver-
	     sion of current as	backup.

	     The action	argument may be	one of the following:

	     add     file  is  now  being  backed up by	or possibly re-entered
		     into this backup mechanism.  current is created.

	     update  file has changed and needs	to be backed up.   If  current
		     exists, it	is copied to backup and	then file is copied to
		     current.

	     remove  file is no	longer being tracked by	this backup mechanism.
		     current is	moved to backup.

       checkyesno var
	     Return  0	if var is defined to "YES", "TRUE", "ON", or `1'.  Re-
	     turn 1 if var is defined to "NO", "FALSE",	"OFF", or `0'.	Other-
	     wise, warn	that var is not	set correctly.	The  values  are  case
	     insensitive.  Note: var should be a variable name,	not its	value;
	     checkyesno	will expand the	variable by itself.

       check_pidfile pidfile procname [interpreter]
	     Parses the	first word of the first	line of	pidfile	for a PID, and
	     ensures  that  the	process	with that PID is running and its first
	     argument matches procname.	 Prints	the matching PID  if  success-
	     ful,  otherwise  nothing.	 If interpreter	is provided, parse the
	     first line	of procname, ensure that the line is of	the form:

		   #! interpreter [...]

	     and use interpreter with its optional arguments and procname  ap-
	     pended as the process string to search for.

       check_process procname [interpreter]
	     Prints  the  PIDs	of any processes that are running with a first
	     argument that matches procname.  interpreter is  handled  as  per
	     check_pidfile.

       debug message
	     Display  a	 debugging message to stderr, log it to	the system log
	     using logger(1), and return to the	 caller.   The	error  message
	     consists  of  the script name (from $0), followed by ": DEBUG: ",
	     and then message.	This function is intended to be	used by	devel-
	     opers as an aid to	debugging scripts.  It can be turned on	or off
	     by	the rc.conf(5) variable	rc_debug.

       err exitval message
	     Display an	error message to stderr, log it	to the system log  us-
	     ing logger(1), and	exit with an exit value	of exitval.  The error
	     message  consists	of  the	 script	name (from $0),	followed by ":
	     ERROR: ", and then	message.

       force_depend name
	     Output an advisory	message	and force the name service  to	start.
	     The name argument is the basename(1) component of the path	to the
	     script  located  at  /etc/rc.d (scripts stored in other locations
	     such   as	 /usr/local/etc/rc.d   cannot	be   controlled	  with
	     force_depend  currently).	 If the	script fails for any reason it
	     will output a warning and return with a return value of 1.	 If it
	     was successful it will return 0.

       info message
	     Display an	informational message to stdout, and  log  it  to  the
	     system  log  using	logger(1).  The	message	consists of the	script
	     name (from	$0), followed by ": INFO: ", and  then	message.   The
	     display  of  this informational output can	be turned on or	off by
	     the rc.conf(5) variable rc_info.

       load_kld	[-e regex] [-m module] file
	     Load file as a kernel module unless it is	already	 loaded.   For
	     the  purpose of checking the module status, either	the exact mod-
	     ule name can be specified using -m, or an	egrep(1)  regular  ex-
	     pression matching the module name can be supplied via -e.	By de-
	     fault, the	module is assumed to have the same name	as file, which
	     is	not always the case.

       load_rc_config [service]
	     Source  in	 the configuration file(s) for service.	 If no service
	     is	specified, only	 the  global  configuration  file(s)  will  be
	     loaded.   First,  /etc/rc.conf  is	sourced	if it has not yet been
	     read in.  Then, /etc/rc.conf.d/service is sourced if it is	an ex-
	     isting file.  The latter may also contain other variable  assign-
	     ments to override run_rc_command arguments	defined	by the calling
	     script,  to  provide  an  easy  mechanism for an administrator to
	     override the behaviour of a given rc.d(8) script without  requir-
	     ing the editing of	that script.

       load_rc_config_var name var
	     Read  the rc.conf(5) variable var for name	and set	in the current
	     shell, using load_rc_config in a sub-shell	 to  prevent  unwanted
	     side effects from other variable assignments.

       mount_critical_filesystems type
	     Go	 through  a  list  of  critical	 file systems, as found	in the
	     rc.conf(5)	variable critical_filesystems_type, mounting each  one
	     that is not currently mounted.

       rc_usage	command	...
	     Print  a  usage  message  for $0, with commands being the list of
	     valid arguments prefixed by "[fast|force|one|quiet]".

       reverse_list item ...
	     Print the list of items in	reverse	order.

       run_rc_command argument
	     Run the argument method for the current rc.d(8) script, based  on
	     the  settings  of various shell variables.	 run_rc_command	is ex-
	     tremely flexible, and allows fully	functional rc.d(8) scripts  to
	     be	implemented in a small amount of shell code.

	     argument is searched for in the list of supported commands, which
	     may be one	of:

		   start    Start  the	service.   This	 should	check that the
			    service  is	 to  be	 started   as	specified   by
			    rc.conf(5).	 Also checks if	the service is already
			    running  and refuses to start if it	is.  This lat-
			    ter	check is not  performed	 by  standard  FreeBSD
			    scripts  if	 the  system  is  starting directly to
			    multi-user mode, to	speed up the boot process.

		   stop	    If the service is to be started  as	 specified  by
			    rc.conf(5),	 stop  the service.  This should check
			    that the service is	running	and complain if	it  is
			    not.

		   restart  Perform a stop then	a start.  Defaults to display-
			    ing	the process ID of the program (if running).

		   enabled  Return  0 if the service is	enabled	and 1 if it is
			    not.  This command does not	print anything.

		   rcvar    Display which rc.conf(5)  variables	 are  used  to
			    control the	startup	of the service (if any).

	     If	pidfile	or procname is set, also support:

		   poll	    Wait for the command to exit.

		   status   Show the status of the process.

	     Other  supported  commands	 are  listed  in the optional variable
	     extra_commands.

	     argument may have one of the following prefixes which alters  its
	     operation:

		   fast	  Skip	the check for an existing running process, and
			  sets rc_fast=YES.

		   force  Skip the checks for rcvar being set  to  "YES",  and
			  sets rc_force=YES.  This ignores argument_precmd re-
			  turning  non-zero, and ignores any of	the required_*
			  tests	failing, and always returns a zero  exit  sta-
			  tus.

		   one	  Skip	the  checks  for rcvar being set to "YES", but
			  performs all the other prerequisite tests.

		   quiet  Inhibits some	verbose	diagnostics.  Currently,  this
			  includes  messages "Starting ${name}"	(as checked by
			  check_startmsgs inside rc.subr) and errors about us-
			  age of services that are not enabled in  rc.conf(5).
			  This	prefix also sets rc_quiet=YES.	Note: rc_quiet
			  is not intended to completely	 mask  all  debug  and
			  warning  messages, but only certain small classes of
			  them.

	     run_rc_command uses the following shell variables to control  its
	     behaviour.	 Unless	otherwise stated, these	are optional.

		   name	     The name of this script.  This is not optional.

		   rcvar     The  value	of rcvar is checked with checkyesno to
			     determine if this method should be	run.

		   command   Full  path	 to  the  command.   Not  required  if
			     argument_cmd  is  defined for each	supported key-
			     word.  Can	be overridden by ${name}_program.

		   command_args
			     Optional arguments	and/or	shell  directives  for
			     command.

		   command_interpreter
			     command is	started	with:

				   #! command_interpreter [...]

			     which results in its ps(1)	command	being:

				   command_interpreter [...] command

			     so	use that string	to find	the PID(s) of the run-
			     ning command rather than command.

		   extra_commands
			     Extra commands/keywords/arguments supported.

		   pidfile   Path  to  PID file.  Used to determine the	PID(s)
			     of	the running command.  If pidfile is set, use:

				   check_pidfile $pidfile $procname

			     to	find the PID.  Otherwise, if command  is  set,
			     use:

				   check_process $procname

			     to	find the PID.

		   procname  Process name to check for.	 Defaults to the value
			     of	command.

		   required_dirs
			     Check for the existence of	the listed directories
			     before  running  the  start  method.  The list is
			     checked before running start_precmd.

		   required_files
			     Check for the readability of the listed files be-
			     fore running  the	start  method.	 The  list  is
			     checked before running start_precmd.

		   required_modules
			     Ensure  that the listed kernel modules are	loaded
			     before running the	start  method.	 The  list  is
			     checked after running start_precmd.  This is done
			     after  invoking the commands from start_precmd so
			     that the missing modules are not loaded  in  vain
			     if	the preliminary	commands indicate a error con-
			     dition.   A word in the list can have an optional
			     ":modname"	or "~pattern" suffix.  The modname  or
			     pattern parameter is passed to load_kld through a
			     -m	 or -e option, respectively.  See the descrip-
			     tion of load_kld in this document for details.

		   required_vars
			     Perform checkyesno	on each	of the list  variables
			     before  running  the  start  method.  The list is
			     checked after running start_precmd.

		   ${name}_chdir
			     Directory to cd to	 before	 running  command,  if
			     ${name}_chroot is not provided.

		   ${name}_chroot
			     Directory to chroot(8) to before running command.
			     Only supported after /usr is mounted.

		   ${name}_env
			     A	list  of  environment variables	to run command
			     with.  Those variables will be  passed  as	 argu-
			     ments  to	the env(1) utility unless argument_cmd
			     is	 defined.   In	that  case  the	 contents   of
			     ${name}_env  will	be  exported via the export(1)
			     builtin of	sh(1), which puts some limitations  on
			     the names of variables (e.g., a variable name may
			     not start with a digit).

		   ${name}_env_file
			     A	file  to source	for environmental variables to
			     run command with.	Note: all the variables	 which
			     are  being	 assigned in this file are going to be
			     exported into the environment of command.

		   ${name}_fib
			     FIB Routing Table number  to  run	command	 with.
			     See setfib(1) for more details.

		   ${name}_flags
			     Arguments	to call	command	with.  This is usually
			     set in rc.conf(5),	and not	in the rc.d(8) script.
			     The environment variable `flags' can be  used  to
			     override this.

		   ${name}_nice
			     nice(1)  level to run command as.	Only supported
			     after /usr	is mounted.

		   ${name}_limits
			     Resource limits to	apply to command.   This  will
			     be	 passed	as arguments to	the limits(1) utility.
			     By	default, the resource limits are based on  the
			     login class defined in ${name}_login_class.

		   ${name}_login_class
			     Login class to use	with ${name}_limits.  Defaults
			     to	"daemon".

		   ${name}_oomprotect
			     protect(1)	 command  from	being killed when swap
			     space is exhausted.  If "YES" is used,  no	 child
			     processes	are  protected.	 If "ALL", protect all
			     child processes.

		   ${name}_program
			     Full path to the command.	Overrides  command  if
			     both are set, but has no effect if	command	is un-
			     set.   As	a  rule,  command should be set	in the
			     script while ${name}_program  should  be  set  in
			     rc.conf(5).

		   ${name}_user
			     User  to  run  command  as,  using	 chroot(8)  if
			     ${name}_chroot  is	 set,  otherwise  uses	su(1).
			     Only supported after /usr is mounted.

		   ${name}_group
			     Group to run the chrooted command as.

		   ${name}_groups
			     Comma  separated  list of supplementary groups to
			     run the chrooted command with.

		   ${name}_prepend
			     Commands to be prepended to command.  This	 is  a
			     generic  version  of ${name}_env, ${name}_fib, or
			     ${name}_nice.

		   ${name}_setup
			     Command to	be run prior to	command.

		   argument_cmd
			     Shell commands which override the default	method
			     for argument.

		   argument_precmd
			     Shell   commands	to  run	 just  before  running
			     argument_cmd or the default method	for  argument.
			     If	 this  returns	a non-zero exit	code, the main
			     method is not performed.  If the  default	method
			     is	 being executed, this check is performed after
			     the required_* checks and process (non-)existence
			     checks.

		   argument_postcmd
			     Shell commands to run if running argument_cmd  or
			     the  default  method for argument returned	a zero
			     exit code.

		   sig_stop  Signal to send the	processes to stop in  the  de-
			     fault stop	method.	 Defaults to SIGTERM.

		   sig_reload
			     Signal to send the	processes to reload in the de-
			     fault reload method.  Defaults to SIGHUP.

	     For a given method	argument, if argument_cmd is not defined, then
	     a default method is provided by run_rc_command:

		   Argument  Default method

		   start     If	 command  is  not running and checkyesno rcvar
			     succeeds, start command.

		   stop	     Determine the PIDs	of command with	 check_pidfile
			     or	 check_process (as appropriate), kill sig_stop
			     those PIDs, and run wait_for_pids on those	PIDs.

		   reload    Similar to	stop, except that it  uses  sig_reload
			     instead, and does not run wait_for_pids.  Another
			     difference	 from  stop is that reload is not pro-
			     vided  by	default.   It  can  be	 enabled   via
			     extra_commands if appropriate:

				   extra_commands=reload

		   restart   Runs the stop method, then	the start method.

		   status    Show  the	PID  of	 command, or some other	script
			     specific status operation.

		   poll	     Wait for command to exit.

		   rcvar     Display which rc.conf(5)  variable	 is  used  (if
			     any).   This method always	works, even if the ap-
			     propriate rc.conf(5) variable is set to "NO".

	     The following variables are available to  the  methods  (such  as
	     argument_cmd) as well as after run_rc_command has completed:

		   rc_arg      Argument	provided to run_rc_command, after fast
			       and force processing has	been performed.

		   rc_flags    Flags  to  start	the default command with.  De-
			       faults to ${name}_flags,	unless	overridden  by
			       the  environment	 variable `flags'.  This vari-
			       able may	 be  changed  by  the  argument_precmd
			       method.

		   rc_service  Path  to	 the service script being executed, in
			       case it needs to	re-invoke itself.

		   rc_pid      PID of command (if appropriate).

		   rc_fast     Not empty if "fast" prefix was used.

		   rc_force    Not empty if "force" prefix was used.

       run_rc_script file argument
	     Start the script file with	an argument of	argument,  and	handle
	     the return	value from the script.

	     Various shell variables are unset before file is started:

		   name, command, command_args,	command_interpreter,
		   extra_commands, pidfile, rcvar, required_dirs,
		   required_files, required_vars, argument_cmd,
		   argument_precmd.  argument_postcmd.

	     The startup behaviour of file depends upon	the following checks:

	     1.	  If file ends in .sh, it is sourced into the current shell.

	     2.	  If file appears to be	a backup or scratch file (e.g.,	with a
		  suffix of ~, #, .OLD,	or .orig), ignore it.

	     3.	  If file is not executable, ignore it.

	     4.	  If  the  rc.conf(5)  variable	 rc_fast_and_loose  is	empty,
		  source file in a sub shell, otherwise	source file  into  the
		  current shell.

       startmsg	[-n] message
	     Display  a	start message to stdout.  It should be used instead of
	     echo(1).  The display of this output can be  turned  off  if  the
	     rc.conf(5)	variable rc_startmsgs is set to	"NO".

       stop_boot [always]
	     Prevent  booting  to multiuser mode.  If the autoboot variable is
	     set to `yes'  (see	 rc(8)	to  learn  more	 about	autoboot),  or
	     checkyesno	 always	indicates a truth value, then a	SIGTERM	signal
	     is	sent to	the parent process, which  is  assumed	to  be	rc(8).
	     Otherwise,	the shell exits	with a non-zero	status.

       wait_for_pids [pid ...]
	     Wait until	all of the provided pids do not	exist any more,	print-
	     ing the list of outstanding pids every two	seconds.

       warn message
	     Display  a	warning	message	to stderr and log it to	the system log
	     using logger(1).  The warning message consists of the script name
	     (from $0),	followed by ": WARNING:	", and then message.

FILES
       /etc/rc.subr  The rc.subr file resides in /etc.

SEE ALSO
       rc.conf(5), rc(8)

HISTORY
       The rc.subr script appeared in NetBSD 1.3.  The rc.d(8)	support	 func-
       tions  appeared	in  NetBSD  1.5.  The rc.subr script first appeared in
       FreeBSD 5.0.

FreeBSD	13.2			August 16, 2022			    RC.SUBR(8)

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | FILES | SEE ALSO | HISTORY

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